Review Article
Markers of Oxidative Stress and Neuroprogression in Depression Disorder
Table 1
Summarizing the main findings related to oxidative stress and major depression.
| Effect | Marker | Findings compared to controls | Subject | References |
| Neuroprogression | BDNF | ↓ | Human | [22–25] |
| Signaling | 5-HT | ↓ | Human | [26] | NO | ↑ | Human | [27, 28] |
| DNA damage | Telomerase | ↓ | Human | [29, 30] | 8-OxoG | ↑ | Human | [31, 32] |
| Prooxidant enzymes | XO | ↑ | Human | [33–36] | MAO | ↑ | Human | [37] |
| Antioxidant enzymes | SOD | ↑ | Human | [38–40] | GPX | ↓ | Human | [40–42] | — | Human | [38, 39] | Catalase | ↑ | Human | [39] | ↓ | Human | [43] | PON1 | ↓ | Human | [44] |
| Antioxidants | CoQ10 | ↓ | Human | [45] | vit. E | ↓ | Human | [46] | vit. C | ↓ | Human | [46–48] | HDL | ↓ | Human | [49] |
| Micronutrients | Se | ↓ | Human | [50–53] | Zn | ↓ | Human | [54, 55] |
| Inflammation | Proinflammatory cytokines | ↑ | Human | [41, 56–60] | NfB | ↑ | Human | [38] | TRYCATs | ↓ | Human | [61–64] |
| Immune reaction | IgM | ↑ | Human | [65] |
| Lipid peroxidation | MDA | ↑ | Human | [39, 47, 66] | 8-iso-P | ↑ | Human | [60, 67] |
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5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-iso-P), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), high density lipoprotein (HDL), immunoglobulin (Ig), monoamine oxidase (MAO), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor B (NFB), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), and xanthine oxidase (XO).
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