Markers of Oxidative Stress and Neuroprogression in Depression Disorder

Table 1

Summarizing the main findings related to oxidative stress and major depression.

Effect	Marker	Findings compared to controls	Subject	References
Neuroprogression	BDNF	↓	Human	[22–25]
Signaling	5-HT	↓	Human	[26]
	NO	↑	Human	[27, 28]
DNA damage	Telomerase	↓	Human	[29, 30]
	8-OxoG	↑	Human	[31, 32]
Prooxidant enzymes	XO	↑	Human	[33–36]
	MAO	↑	Human	[37]
Antioxidant enzymes	SOD	↑	Human	[38–40]
	GPX	↓	Human	[40–42]
		—	Human	[38, 39]
	Catalase	↑	Human	[39]
		↓	Human	[43]
	PON1	↓	Human	[44]
Antioxidants	CoQ10	↓	Human	[45]
	vit. E	↓	Human	[46]
	vit. C	↓	Human	[46–48]
	HDL	↓	Human	[49]
Micronutrients	Se	↓	Human	[50–53]
	Zn	↓	Human	[54, 55]
Inflammation	Proinflammatory cytokines	↑	Human	[41, 56–60]
	NfB	↑	Human	[38]
	TRYCATs	↓	Human	[61–64]
Immune reaction	IgM	↑	Human	[65]
Lipid peroxidation	MDA	↑	Human	[39, 47, 66]
	8-iso-P	↑	Human	[60, 67]

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-iso-P), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), high density lipoprotein (HDL), immunoglobulin (Ig), monoamine oxidase (MAO), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor B (NFB), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), and xanthine oxidase (XO).