Effects of Polyphenol, Measured by a Biomarker of Total Polyphenols in Urine, on Cardiovascular Risk Factors After a Long-Term Follow-Up in the PREDIMED Study

Table 4

Multivariate linear regression analyses with changes in cardiovascular risk factors as dependent variables and tertiles of changes in TPE in spot urine samples (mg GAE/g creatinine) as exposure variables, adjusted for potential confounders.

		β	SE	Beta	Sig.	95% CI
Change in GLU (mg/dL)	Model 1	−4.164	1.979	−0.095	0.036	−8.053	−0.275
	Model 2	−4.316	1.981	−0.098	0.030	−8.208	−0.424
	Model 3	−4.355	1.949	−0.099	0.026	−8.186	−0.525
	Model 4	−4.372	1.953	−0.099	0.026	−8.209	−0.534
Change in COL (mg/dL)	Model 1	−2.51	2.001	−0.057	0.210	−6.442	1.421
	Model 2	−2.236	2.011	−0.050	0.267	−6.187	1.715
	Model 3	−1.845	2.013	−0.042	0.360	−5.800	2.109
	Model 4	−1.802	2.015	−0.041	0.372	−5.762	2.157
Change in HDL (mg/dL)	Model 1	0.102	0.448	0.010	0.820	−0.778	0.982
	Model 2	0.135	0.448	0.014	0.763	−0.744	1.015
	Model 3	0.133	0.456	0.014	0.771	−0.764	1.030
	Model 4	0.174	0.454	0.018	0.701	−0.718	1.067
Change in LDL (mg/dL)	Model 1	−0.205	1.775	−0.005	0.908	−3.693	3.283
	Model 2	−0.039	1.784	−0.001	0.983	−3.545	3.467
	Model 3	0.448	1.783	0.012	0.802	−3.056	3.952
	Model 4	0.469	1.786	0.012	0.793	−3.041	3.979
Change in TG (mg/dL)	Model 1	−8.356	3.06	−0.123	0.007	−14.369	−2.344
	Model 2	−8.563	3.058	−0.126	0.005	−14.572	−2.554
	Model 3	−8.627	3.094	−0.127	0.006	−14.708	−2.546
	Model 4	−8.572	3.099	−0.126	0.006	−14.662	−2.483
Change in SBP (mm Hg)	Model 1	−1.367	0.994	−0.058	0.169	−3.319	0.585
	Model 2	−1.222	1.001	−0.052	0.222	−3.188	0.744
	Model 3	−1.127	1.003	−0.048	0.262	−3.098	0.843
	Model 4	−1.098	1.005	−0.046	0.275	−3.071	0.876
Change in DBP (mm Hg)	Model 1	−1.316	0.531	−0.104	0.013	−2.359	−0.273
	Model 2	−1.254	0.532	−0.099	0.019	−2.298	−0.209
	Model 3	−1.153	0.532	−0.091	0.031	−2.198	−0.108
	Model 4	−1.156	0.533	−0.091	0.031	−2.203	−0.109
Change in HR	Model 1	−0.002	0.555	0.000	0.997	−1.091	1.087
	Model 2	0.043	0.559	0.003	0.938	−1.055	1.142
	Model 3	−0.011	0.567	−0.001	0.985	−1.125	1.103
	Model 4	−0.074	0.565	−0.006	0.895	−1.184	1.035

GLU: glucose, COL: total cholesterol, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, TG: triglycerides, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, and HR: heart rate.
β: nonstandardized coefficient (regression line coefficient); SE: standard error; Beta: standardized coefficient; CI: confidence interval; : two-sided test of significance.
Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2 adjusted for sex, age, and intervention groups; Model 3 adjusted as in Model 2 plus BMI, smoking status, family history of CHD, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and medication use: antihypertensive drugs, vitamins, insulin, oral hypoglycemic drugs, aspirin, or other antiplatelet drug; Model 4 was adjusted as in Model 3 plus 14-unit Mediterranean diet score.