Melatoninergic System in Parkinson’s Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms

Table 4

Animal studies addressing the effects of melatonin on anxiety-like responses.

Test	Gender, species, stain	Melatonin treatment	Effects	Ref.
OFT	Male, rat, Wistar	1 mg/kg, i.p.	Anxiolytic	[172]
EPM	Male, rat, Wistar	1–20 mg/kg, i.p. at 12:00 h or 18:00 h	Anxiolytic during the dark phase	[173]
FET, LDT	Male, mouse	0.5–5 mg/kg, i.p.	Anxiolytic	[174]
Vogel test	Male, rat, Wistar	0.1–2.0 mg/kg, i.p.	Anxiolytic	[175]
FET, LDT	Male, mouse, C3H/He	5–25 mg/kg, p.o.	Anxiolytic	[176]
EPM, Vogel test, USV, social interaction test (SIT)	Male, rat, Wistar	2.5–80 mg/kg, i.p.	Anxiogenic at 80 mg/kg on the SIT; No effect on the other tests	[177]
EPM, Vogel test, USV	Male, rat	10–75 mg/kg 2 h before 2 h after the dark phase	Anxiolytic on the EPM 2 h after the dark phase; No effect on the Vogel test and USV	[178]
Vogel test	Male, rat, Wistar AF	20–80 mg/kg, i.p. at 17:00 to 20:00 h	Anxiolytic	[179]
EPM	Male, rat, Sprague-Dawley	50 mg/kg, i.p. in the morning and afternoon	Anxiolytic in the afternoon	[180]
EPM, OFT	Male and female, rat, Wistar	4 mg/kg, s.c. at 16:00 h for 8 weeks	Anxiolytic; Gender-dependent	[181]
EPM, OFT, NSF	Male, rats, Sprague-Dawley	20 mg/kg, s.c.	Anxiolytic on the EPM and NSF; No effect on the OFT	[182]

EPM: elevated plus-maze test; FET: free exploratory test; LDT: light/dark box test; NSF: novelty-suppressed feeding test; OFT: open field test; USV: ultrasonic vocalization.