ROS sensitive proteins: oxidative interface ( ) Effects of ROS sensitive proteins after being redox modified ( ) Physiopathological processes in which ROS sensitive proteins are involved Protein kinases Receptor/nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (Src, TRK, AKT, c-Abl, MAPK, CaMKII, PKG, ATM, and Ask1) (i) Interactions between kinases pathways [38 , 39 ] (ii) Signal of ROS production feedback [40 ] Control of cell cycle progression [56 ] Mitosis for anchorage-dependent cells [57 ] Cellular homeostasis [43 , 57 ] AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK) (i) Regulation of cell ROS/redox balance [41 , 42 ] Myocyte adaptation to energy requirement [42 ] Adipocyte differentiation [58 ] Lipid metabolism (“fatty liver”) [59 ] Hyperglycemic damage [60 ] Cell fate (autophagy and apoptosis) [61 ] Adaptor proteins p66Shc (i) Signaling start in the aging process [43 ] Apoptosis [43 ]. Prolonged life span [43 , 62 ] Cardiovascular diseases and obesity [63 ] Diabetic endothelial dysfunction [64 ] Nuclear receptors PPARγ (i) Redox sensor function [43 ] (ii) Regulation of genes that modulate ROS increases [44 ] Neurodegenerative diseases [65 , 66 ] Lipid dysfunction (fatty liver) [59 ] Membrane receptors Elements in Notch1 pathway (i) Notch signaling modulation in association with Wnt/beta-catenin signal [45 ] Cell fate control in vascular development [45 ] Biological clocks in embryonic development [67 ] Transcription factor p53 Modulation of cell redox balance (prooxidant/antioxidant effects) [46 –48 ] Cell fate signaling [68 ] Autophagy and apoptosis [61 , 69 ] Nrf2 Cell adaptation to ROS resistance [49 , 50 ] Apoptosis [70 ] Neurodegenerative diseases [71 ] Cardiovascular diseases [72 ] FOXO3A Cell coordination in response to OS [51 ] Metabolic adaptation to low nutrient intake [73 ] Cancer development [73 ] Diabetes [74 ] Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [75 ] Components in β -catenin/Wnt pathway Regulation of Wnt signaling via nucleoredoxin [76 ] Early embryonic development [76 ] Vascular development [45 ] HIF-1a Cell adaption to oxygen tension modifications [52 ] Cell proliferation; angiogenesis [77 ] Cell transformation [78 , 79 ] Components in JAK–STAT pathway (i) Cell adaption to OS [53 ] (ii) Mediation of ROS mitogenic effect [53 ] Stress response gene expression [51 ] Systemic/pulmonary hypertension [80 ] NF-κ B Regulation of redox-sensitive gene expression [54 , 55 ] Rheumatoid arthritis, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance [81 ]