DNA Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation of Clinical Biomarkers

Table 2

Outcome of studies analyzing DNA lesions in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and other cells of healthy individuals and patients on maintenance hemodialysis with the comet assay².

Cells analyzed	Number of healthy individuals (age)	Number of dialyzed patients (age)	Relative change (%)	Mean ± stddev	Ref.
PBLs	21 ()	26 ()	+60		[40]
PBLs	36 ()	36 ()	+90		[41]
PBLs	9 ()	29 ()	+60		[42]
PBLs	37 ()	41 ()	+60		[43]
B-lymphocytes	25 ()	30 ()	+40		[33]
T-lymphocytes	25 ()	30 ()	+75		[33]
PBLs from children	20 ()	15 ()	+80		[44]
Whole blood	30 ()	42 ()	+190		[45]
Cells from minor accessory salivary glands	69 (63 ± ?)	66 (62 ± ?)			[46]

The number of participants in the respective studies, their age, and the amount of relative change in the parameter in percent and rounded are given. From these, the mean and the standard deviation (stddev) were calculated. When more than one sample was taken from the dialysis patients, the value of the predialytic sample was compared to the control value. In the last column the reference (Ref.) is listed. ?: no standard error mean or no age at all was given.