Ion Channels and Oxidative Stress as a Potential Link for the Diagnosis or Treatment of Liver Diseases

Table 2

Ion channels involved in oxidative stress in the liver.

Ion channel	Pathology	Model	Oxidative stress effect	Reference
Kv2.1	Hepatoma	Huh-7 cell line	HCV inhibits Kv2.1, suppressing apoptosis in response to oxidative stress.	[24]
Kir6.2	Acute liver injury	LPS-induced mouse model of liver injury	Kir6.2 knockout exacerbates LPS-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver.	[207]
TRPM2	Acetaminophen-induced liver damage	TRPM2 KO mice	H2 and acetaminophen-activated Ca^2+ entry is attenuated in TRPM2 KO mouse hepatocytes.	[208]
TRPM7	Liver fibrosis	Rat hepatic stellate cells	Blockage of TRPM7 causes HSC death induced by ER stress-mediated apoptosis.	[138]
TRPV4	Liver fibrosis	Human liver fibrotic tissues; HSC-T6 cells; Rat liver fibrosis model, CCl4	TRPV4 expression correlates with HSC activation and in HSC-T6 induction of α-SMA and Col1α1.	[144]
P2Y	Liver fibrosis	Rat liver fibrosis model, CCl4	Blockage of P2Y receptors inhibited CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats.	[131]
P2X7	Liver fibrosis; NASH	Mouse liver fibrosis model, CCL4; Mouse diet-induced obesity (DIO)	P2X7 blockage attenuates mouse liver fibrosis and P2X7 gene-deleted mice decreased α-SMA, Col1α1, and TGF-β1 in DIO treated mice.	[117, 133]
CLIC1	Hepatocarcinoma	Mouse hepatocarcinoma ascites cell line (Hca-F)	Overexpression of CLIC1 contributes to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion.	[170]
ASIC1a	Liver fibrosis	Rat liver fibrosis model, CCl4	ASIC1a increases in HSC and inhibition of ASIC1a suppresses PDGF-induced profibrogenic effects of activated HSC.	[160]
VSOR	Hepatoma	Rat hepatoma (HTC) cells	Activated by H2O2 regulating cell volume and cell proliferation.	[170]
VDAC	Acute ethanol intoxication	Rat primary hepatocytes	Bax interacts with the PTP component protein VDAC and likely causes PTP opening, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and apoptosis.	[209]