Creatine Prevents the Structural and Functional Damage to Mitochondria in Myogenic, Oxidatively Stressed C2C12 Cells and Restores Their Differentiation Capacity

Figure 5

Effect of Cr on mitochondrial biogenesis under normal or oxidatively stressing conditions. mRNA expression level of PGC-1α (a) and of Tfam (b) at DifD1; mtDNA content at DifD3 (c). Quantitative analysis of PGC-1α and Tfam was performed by real-time PCR, and the amount of each target transcript was related to that of the reference gene (the ribosomal protein S16). The mtDNA content was determined by real-time PCR and expressed as mtDNA/nDNA ratio (COXII/GAPDH). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. ; compared to control ().

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