Cardioprotective Potentials of Plant-Derived Small Molecules against Doxorubicin Associated Cardiotoxicity

Table 2

Phytochemicals exhibiting cytoprotection in the in vitro models of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Phytochemical	Concentration of the phytochemical	Cell culture model	DOX dose and time of incubation	References
Arjunolic acid	100 μg/mL	Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes	1 μM for 12 h	[13]
Apigenin	25–100 µM	Rat heart cardiomyocytes	100 µM for 8 h	[16]
Avicularin	10–80 μM	H9c2 cells	20 μM for 24 h	[17]
Berberine	0.06, 0.25, 1.0, and 4.0 µM	Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and MCF-7 cells	1 µM for 2 h	[19]
Baicalein	25 μM	Chick embryo cardiomyocytes and MCF-7 cells	1, 10, 50, or 100 μM for 24 h	[22]
Calceolarioside	40 μM	H9c2 cells	1, 2, or 5 μM for 30 h	[27]
23-Hydroxybetulinic acid	0.2, 2, and 20 μM	H9c2 cells	5 μM for 18 h	[60]
Isorhamnetin	3.125 to 25 µg/mL	MCF-7, HepG2, and Hep2 cells	1 µM for 36 h	[66]
Kaempferol	5 to 50 μM	H9c2 cells	1 μM for 24 h	[69]
Morin hydrate	0.17 mM	ECV304 and HepG2 cells	6 mM for 12 h	[77]
Naringenin-7-O-glucoside	10–80 μM	H9c2 cells	10 μM for 24 h	[83]
Osthole	10–40 μM	Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes	1 μmol for 24 h	[90]
Luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	5, 10, and 20 μM	H9c2 cells	20 μM for 24 h	[75]
Luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	5–80 µM	H9c2 cells	10 µM for 24 h	[76]
Vincristine	10–30 µM	Adult mouse cardiomyocytes	15 and 20 µg/mL for 24 h	[144]
Sulforaphane	2.5 µM	H9c2 cells	5 µg/mL for 16–18 h	[129]
C-Phycocyanin	10 μM	Adult rat cardiomyocytes	10 μM for 4, 24, and 48 h	[94]
Plantainoside D	1–20 μg/mL	H9c2 cells	1, 2, and 4 μM for 30 h	[93]
Sesamol	12.5–50 μM	H9c2 cells	1 μM for 30 min	[125]
Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside	3–300 μM	Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes	1 μmol/L for 24 h	[143]
Chrysoeriol	20 µg/mL	H9c2 cells	1 μM for 24 h	[43]
Visnagin	20 μM	Neonatal rat and zebrafish cardiomyocytes, cardiac HL-1 cells	100 μM for 48 h	[146]
Z-Guggulsterone	1–30 μM	H9C2 cells	1 μM for 24 h	[143]
Tanshinone IIA	0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 μM	Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes	1 μM for 24 h	[134]
Tanshinone IIA	1.6–40 μM	H9c2 cells	1 μM for 24 h	[133]
Tanshinone IIA	0.5, 1, and 2 μmol/L	Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes	1 μmol/L for 24 h	[132]
Sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate	0.05–0.5 mM	Mice heart mitochondria	0.2 mmol for 10 min	[131]
Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins	0–100 μM	H9c2 cells and MCF-7 cells	1 μM for 24 h	[14]
Caffeic, chlorogenic, and rosmarinic acid	100 and 200 µM	Rat heart microsomes and mitochondria	100 μM for 8 h	[116]

ECV304 cells: human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HepG2 cells: human hepatocellular carcinoma cells; MCF-7 cells: human breast carcinoma; H9c2 cells: rat ventricular cardiomyoblast cells.