Critical Role of FoxO1 in Granulosa Cell Apoptosis Caused by Oxidative Stress and Protective Effects of Grape Seed Procyanidin B2

Figure 5

Oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in cultured granulosa cells. Granulosa cells collected from dominant ovarian follicle were cultured for 24 h and then exposed to different concentration of H₂O₂ for 6 h. (a) H₂O₂ significantly decreased cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM, . , H₂O₂ alone group versus H₂O₂-free group (control). (b) The ROS levels were detected by dihydroethidium bromide fluorescence (red). (c) Quantification of intracellular ROS levels. (d) Apoptosis increased in a H₂O₂ dose-dependent manner. (e) Quantification of the apoptosis rates. Scale bars are 100 μm. Data was shown as mean ± SEM, . , H₂O₂ alone group versus H₂O₂-free group (control); versus H₂O₂ alone group.

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