Cell type Features and functions
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)
Lin−/CD34+/AnV− Lineage depleted, viable (annexin negative), undifferentiated, and primitive multipotential hematopoietic stem cells ROS : self-renewal, ↑telomerase ROS : limited self-renewal, ↑p16Ink4a, ↑p38/MAPK
Lin−/CD34+/CD38− Lineage depleted, undifferentiated, and primitive multipotential hematopoietic stem cells ROS sensitive Serial transplantation of Lin−/CD34+/CD38− leads to DNA damage and premature senescence Lin−/CD34+/CD38+ Lineage depleted, primitive hematopoietic/lymphoid stem cells Less sensitive to ROS elevation and resistant to oxidative DNA damage Scal+/c-kit+/Lin− Primitive stem cells Mobilized into circulation via increasing ROS in response to ischemia
Embryonic stem cells (ES) Active in proliferation and differentiation Require low levels of H2 O2 to trigger cardiomyogenesis ↑Nox1, ↑Nox2, and ↑Nox4 ↓Antioxidative and stress resistance genes
Progenitor cells Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) Ex vivo cultured for 4 days ↑MnSOD, ↑catalase, and ↑glutathione peroxides Stable intracellular ROS levels Resistance to ROS-induced apoptosis Late-outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) Ex vivo cultured for 2-3 weeks ↑MnSOD Similar levels of CuZnSOD and catalase compared to mature endothelial cells