Critical Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Age-Related Impairment in Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization by Regulating Stem and Progenitor Cell Function

Table 3

Selected cell-based preclinical studies.

Cell treatment	Ischemic model	Outcomes	References
Ex vivo culture expanded human EPCs from healthy young individuals	Myocardial ischemia in athymic nude mice	Increased neovascularization; increased capillary density; reduced infarct size; improved LV function after myocardial ischemia	[25]
Human peripheral blood MNC-derived CD14+ or CD14− EPCs	Hindlimb ischemia in athymic nude mice	Increased blood perfusion; increased capillary density	[26]
Human blood-derived CD34+ cells	Hindlimb ischemia in diabetic mice	Increased blood flow perfusion in diabetic mice, but not in nondiabetic mice	[27]
Human blood cord-derived CD34+ EPCs	Cerebral ischemia in mice	Accelerated neovascularization of infarct neuronal tissue; increased cortical expansion; increased neuronal regeneration; improved recovery of motor deficits	[28]
Ex vivo expanded human EPCs from peripheral blood followed by VEGF transduction	Hindlimb ischemia in athymic nude mice	Reduced limb loss; increased blood flow recovery after ischemia; increased EPC incorporation in vivo	[29]
Autologous EPCs from peripheral blood	Pulmonary hypertension in dogs	Improved pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output, and pulmonary vascular resistance	[30]
Autologous EPCs from peripheral blood	Carotid denudation in rabbits	Accelerated reendothelialization; improved endothelial function	[31]
Autologous CD34+ EPCs from bone marrow	Acute myocardial infarction in macaques	Improved regional blood flow; increased capillary density in the peri-infarct region; improved cardiac function; increased VEGF and bFGF levels in peri-infarct region	[32]

MNC, mononuclear cell.
VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor.