Review Article

Systemic Redox Imbalance in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review

Table 4

Other modalities of HD and redox status.

AuthorsGroupsHD modalityTBARS/MDAProtein carbonylsGSSGGSHSODGPxXOCATTAC

Canestrari et al., 1995 [89](a) 18 patients
(age: 62.9 ± 13.9 yr)
(b) 15 healthy subjects (age: 59.2 ± 8.3 yr)
Peritoneal dialysis for 26.56 ± 23.27 months(a) ↑RBC: 10.8 ± 3.8
Plasma: ↑74.5 ± 20.5
(b) RBC: 4.8 ± 2.6
Plasma: 46.6 ± 16.1 (nmol/g Hb or protein)
(a) RBC: ↑0.039 ± 0.014
Plasma: 0.011 ± 0.006
(b) RBC: 0.012 ± 0.011
Plasma: 0.009 ± 0.005 (μmol/g Hb or protein)
(a) RBC: 6.40 ± 1.36 Plasma: ↓1.53 ± 0.69
(b) RBC: 4.97 ± 0.78
Plasma: 2.07 ± 0.20 (μmol/g Hb or protein)
(a) RBC: ↑48.7 ± 11.5
Plasma: 5.02 ± 1.36
(b) RBC: 36.1 ± 8.5
Plasma: 5.50 ± 0.79 (U/g Hb or protein)

Choi et al., 2011 [30](a) 18 patients
(age: 48.1 ± 16.4 yr)
(b) 18 patients (age: 52.0 ± 17 yr)
(c) 16 healthy subjects
(age: 48.9 ± 15.4 yr)
(a) Peritoneal dialysis (PD) for 99.8 ± 39.4 months, 1.7x/wk
(b) Typical HD for 94.3 ± 43.5 months, 3x/wk
(a) ↑12.2 ± 3.5
(b) 13.0 ± 9.4
(c) 4.5 ± 0.9 (RLU)

González-Diez et al., 2012 [90](a) 25 patients
(b) 15 patients
(age: —)
(a) Haemodialfiltration (HFR) for 1 year
(b) HD with polysulfone membrane for 1 year
(a) ~19
(b) ~17 (μM)
(a) ~2.2
(b) ~2.2 (nmol/mg protein)
(a) ~1
(b) ~0.9 (μmoles/g)
(a) ~2100
(b) ↓~1400 (U/g protein)
(a) ~42
(b) ~34 (U/g protein)
(a) ~18
(b) ~25 (U/g protein)
(a) ~4
(b) ~4 (mM Trolox)

TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; Ox-LDL: oxidized low density lipoprotein; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; GSH: reduced glutathione; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; XO: xanthine oxidase; CAT: catalase; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; yr: years; ↑: versus healthy, ↓: versus healthy, ~: values were estimated according to figures; ± stands for standard deviation.