Ethyl Vanillin Protects against Kidney Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Figure 3

Effect of EVA to protect DN-induced renal injury in vivo and in vitro. (a) Kidney sections stained with HE and TUNEL staining (×200). (b) Semiquantitative analysis of TUNEL staining in the rat kidney images was shown. Results are presented with (). ^# compared to control group; compared to STZ-induced group. (c) Annexin V/FITC-PI staining and flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis. (d) Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. Results are presented with (). ^# compared to control group; compared to HG-induced group; compared to HG-induced group. (e) Semiquantitative analysis of TUNEL staining in the NRK-52E cells was shown. Results are presented with (). ^# compared to control group; compared to HG-induced group. (f) Apoptotic rates of NRK-52E cells in Annexin V/FITC-PI staining were shown. Results are presented with (). ^# compared to control group; compared to HG-induced group. (g) The level of apoptosis in NRK-52E cells analyzed with TUNEL staining (×200).

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