|
| Oxidation markers |
|
| Lipids |
| (i) Conjugated dienes (CD) |
(ii) Aldehydic products
(a) Malondialdehyde (MDA)
(b) 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) |
| (iii) Alkane exhalation |
| (iv) Total hydroperoxides (LOOH) |
| (v) Oxidized LDL (oxo-LDL) |
| (vi) F2-isoprostanes (F2-Iso) |
| (vii) Advanced lipid peroxidation end products (ALEs) |
| DNA |
(i) Nucleotide oxidation
(a) 8-hydroxy-guanosine (8OHG)
(b) 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8OHdG)
(c) Thymidine glycol
(d) 7,8-dihydroxy-8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8oxodG)
(e) 5-chlorouracil |
| (ii) Deoxyribose oxidation |
| Proteins |
| (i) Protein carbonyls |
| (ii) Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) |
(iii) Amino acid oxidation
(a) 3-nitro-tyrosine
(b) 3-chloro-tyrosine |
| (iv) Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) |
| (v) Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) |
| Oxidants |
| (i) Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) |
| (ii) Superoxide anion radical (O2−⋅) |
| (iii) Nitric oxide (NO⋅) |
| Antioxidant markers |
| Nonenzymatic |
| (i) Vitamins (A, C, E) |
| (ii) Metals (Se, Zn) |
| (iii) Glutathione and cysteine |
| (iv) Uric acid |
| Enzymes |
| (i) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) |
| (ii) Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) |
| (iii) Glutathione reductase (GR) |
| (iv) Catalase (CAT) |
| Nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity |
| (i) Oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) |
| (ii) Total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) |
| (iii) Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) |
| (iv) Total antioxidant status (TAS) |
| (v) Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) |
| (vi) Antioxidant gap |
| (vii) Biological antioxidant potential (BAP) |
|
