Oxidative Stress Indexes for Diagnosis of Health or Disease in Humans

Table 7

Characteristics and findings of studies that used Oxidative INDEX (ROM/OXY ratio).

Author, year [ref]	Study design/country	Population (age, sex)/sample size	Main outcome	Results	Conclusion
Vassalle C et al., 2008 [98]	Cross-sectional/Italy	Adults (, both sexes)/100 CAD patients 70 controls	Relationship between Oxidative INDEX and cardiovascular risk factors in coronary artery disease (CAD).	The Oxidative INDEX was higher in CAD patients, correlated with aging and increased with the number of cardiovascular risk factors.	Oxidative INDEX could represent a valuable tool in clinical setting.
Vassalle C et al., 2009 [103]	Cross-sectional/Italy	Adults (16-79 y, both sexes)/179 subjects	Obesity and smoking may accelerate the increase of the OS related to advancing age.	Obesity and smoking are risk factors for elevated Oxidative INDEX. The index steadily rises at a mean rate of 5.3% (0.017 AU) per year in the overall population.	The authors did not conclude directly about the index, but they infer that OS increases due the risk factors analyzed.
Vassalle C et al., 2011 [104]	Cross-sectional/Italy	Adults (, both sexes)/116 males; 216 females	Gender-related difference of OS	Age, high blood pressure, and smoking habit as factors associated with the index in men. Cigarette smoking and age are risk factors for an elevated OS in women.	The authors did not conclude directly about the index, but they infer that there is a difference in OS due to sex.
Tamaki N. et al., 2011 [105]	Observational longitudinal/Japan	Adults (, both sexes)/22 with CP; 22 controls	To monitor OS in subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP) following nonsurgical periodontal treatment	Patients with CP have higher OS than healthy subjects. Periodontal treatment was associated with a reduction in the index.	Nonsurgical periodontal treatment was effective in decreasing the index.
Vassalle C et al., 2012 [106]	Observational; Longitudinal; Retrospective/Italy	Adults (, both sexes/97 CAD patients	Prognostic of OS on the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in CAD patients	High level of the index is an independent predictor of MACE.	OS (calculated by the index) may be a useful tool to predict MACE in CAD patients.
Vassalle C et al., 2012 [107]	Case-control/Italy	Adults (, both sexes)/55 post-women; 108 men; 72 CAD patients	To assess oxidative stress status in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients according to gender	There is a difference in the index between men and women without CAD. Women with CAD had the index higher than men.	The index can be a predictor of CAD in women.
Capaccio P et al., 2012 [108]	Cross-sectional/Italy	Adults (, both sexes)/39 ISSNHL patients; 70 healthy subjects	To evaluate role of OS in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL)	The index was higher in patients than in controls.	In ISSNH, there is an imbalanced oxidative status.
Terao M et al., 2014 [109]	Cross-sectional/Japan	Adults (46-61 y, both sexes)/29 with potential POPH; 32 with potential non-POPH	Association between the OS and portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) in cirrhotic patients	Potential POPH patients have higher oxidative index values.	The oxidative/antioxidative balance was exacerbated in patients with potential POPH.
Uchida D et al., 2016 [110]	Translational/Japan	Adults (27-90 y, both sexes)/84 CC patients; 80 PC patients	OS balance in pancreatic cancer (PC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) patients	The index was higher in CC patients with poor outcomes and not different in PC patients.	OS balance was dysregulated in CC patients with poor outcome.
Mizuno H et al., 2017 [111]	Randomized clinical trial/Japan	Adults (, both sexes)/T2DM and CP patients.; 20 periodontal treatment; 17 control group	Effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on OS balance patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to no periodontal treatment	Systemic OS balance improved in the periodontal treatment group compared to the control group at 3 months.	In T2DM patients, nonsurgical periodontal treatment improved systemic OS.
Shimomura Y et al., 2017 [112]	Observational; Longitudinal/Japan	Adults (>40 y, both sexes)/14 patients with NAFL; 44 patients with NASH; 11 patients with NASH-related HCC; 15 healthy	Correlation between OS-related markers and the clinical characteristic in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) and to characterize the OS balance in NAFL, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma (NASH-HCC)	The index positively correlated with BMI and HbA1c.; The index was not significantly different among the patient groups.	The authors did not conclude directly about the index, only of these components.