Oxidative Stress Indexes for Diagnosis of Health or Disease in Humans

Table 8

Characteristics and findings of studies that used ROM/BAP or BAP/ROM ratios.

Author, year [ref]	Study design/country	Population (age, sex)/sample size	Main outcome	Results	Conclusion
Kakita H et al., 2009 [116]	Case-control study/Japan	Preterm infants; (31 weeks gestational age, both sexes)/22 infants with PVL; 22 healthy	Association between OS and neonatal cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)	ROM/BAP was higher in early cystic PVL than in late cystic PVL or controls.; Postnatal duration until cyst identification displayed a negative correlation with ROM/BAP	Neonates experiencing more OS at birth show earlier onset of cystic PVL
Hussein MH et al., 2011 [99]	Observational; Longitudinal/Japan	Children (1.2-14.4 y, both sexes)/43 patients	Relationship between OS and post-liver transplantation duration	ROM/BAP correlated positively with hepatic enzymes and negatively with post-liver transplantation duration.	The ROM/BAP can serve as an index of patients’ laboratory results and oxidative status.
Chung DH et al., 2012 [117]	Intervention study/Korea	Adults (17-68 y, both sexes)/20 AR patients 20 NAR patients	To evaluate the susceptibility of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) to OS compared with nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) patients	The ROM/BAP ratio was higher after surgery (nasal septoplasty) in the AR group than in the NAR group.	AR patients might be vulnerable to OS, due to their ROM/BAP imbalance.
Kaneko K et al., 2012 [118]	Intervention study/Japan	Children (0.14-5.38 y, both sexes)/19 patients with KD; 7 patients with febrile illnesses; (FI)	Association between OS and Kawasaki disease (KD) and if intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) is a scavenger of ROS	Children with KD had low value of the ROM/BAP ratio after IVIG.	Seems that OS has a role in the pathogenesis of acute KD.
Kakita H et al., 2012 [119]	Retrospective case-control study/Japan	Newborns (37-41 wk gestational age, both sexes)/6 hypothermia; 16 normothermia; 15 control group	To evaluate OS in asphyxiated infants and to determinate if hypothermia treatment has an effect on OS	The ROM/BAP ratio values gradually increased after birth in hypothermia and normothermia cases. After 7 days, the ratio was higher in normothermia cases.	Hypothermia attenuated the OS in asphyxiated newborns.
Hussein MH et al., 2013 [120]	Observational; Longitudinal/Japan	Children (2-15 y, both sexes)/16 IMD patients; 10 BA patients	Assess the differences in OS between pediatric patients undergoing living-related liver transplantation due to inherited metabolic disease (IMD) or biliary atresia (BA)	The ROM/BAP ratio was higher in the IMD group.	Patients who receive living-related liver transplantation due to IMD are prone to higher ROM/BAP ratio.
Fukuda S et al., 2016 [121]	Experimental study/Japan	Adults ( and , both sexes)/12 females in acute stress condition; 24 subjects in subacute fatigue condition; 121 at-rest condition	Use dROMs and BAP to discriminate patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) from healthy volunteers experiencing acute and subacute fatigue, and at rest	The ROM/BAP ratio was higher after subacute fatigue. Resting condition produced higher ratio in patients with CFS than in healthy volunteers.	The markers might be useful for discriminate acute, subacute, and resting fatigue in healthy people and CFS patients.
Faienza MF et al., 2012 [113]	Cross-sectional/Italy	Children (, both sexes)/25 obese with; MetS; 30 obese; 30 controls	Alterations in the oxidant/antioxidant status in obese children with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS)	Children without MetS had lower BAP/dROMs ratio than children with MetS. The ratio BAP/dROMs was higher in controls than no-MetS and MetS children.	The authors did not conclude directly about the index, but they infer that fat accumulation is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic OS.
Fukui T et al., 2015 [122]	Intervention study/Japan	Adults (, both sexes)/Patients with hyperuricemia; 29 patients treated with febuxostat; 14 patients treated with allopurinol	Effect of febuxostat compared with allopurinol on OS measured by BAP/dROMs ratio	No significant changes were observed in the BAP/dROMs ratio.	A regulatory mechanism may be counteracted changes in the OS balance caused by febuxostat administration.
Yamamoto K et al., 2015 [114]	Experimental pilot study/Japan	Adults (17-57 y, both sexes)/42 patients with active CD in treatment with anti-TNF-α antibodies	Effect of antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α treatment on OS in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients.; It used a modified BAP/dROMs ratio (m-BAP/dROMs ratio).	Negative correlation between m-BAP/dROMs ratio and CD activity index before and after treatment. The ratio did not differ between the patients before treatment.	Anti-TNF-α therapy decreases OS in patients with CD but does not modify the antioxidant production.
Hatanaka H et al., 2015 [123]	Cross-sectional/Japan	Older adults (, both sexes)/72 AD patients 27 with VaD; 24 with MD; 53 nondemented patients	OS differs in the pathophysiology and cognitive decline of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mixed Alzheimer’s/vascular dementia (MD).	BAP/dROM ratios were lower in the AD and MD groups than control. The minimental state scores correlated with the ratio in the AD patients.	An imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant defenses may be involved in the pathophysiology of the AD and MD.
Nakagawa K et al., 2016 [115]	Cross-sectional/Japan	Adults (, women)/26 patients with unilateral EM; 29 without EM	To evaluate OS in the environment of the follicular fluid (FF) of patients with endometrioma (EM)	The patients with a m-BAP/dROM in the EM group was similar to the control group.	The oxidative/antioxidant potential in the FF of EM patients is similar to the controls.
Pesce M et al., 2018 [124]	Experimental study/Italy	Older adults (60-80 y, both sexes)/29 subjects in EG; 23 in control group	Effect of memory training (MT) on plasma oxidant and antioxidant capacity	BAP/d-ROMs ratio improved in experimental group (EG). BAP/d-ROMs ratio was positively correlated with the measurement of memory.	MT was associated with the increase in resistance against OS at the plasma level.

ROS: reactive oxygen species.