Potential Role of Nutrient Intake and Malnutrition as Predictors of Uremic Oxidative Toxicity in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Table 1

General characteristics of the patients in hemodialysis.

Variables	Total ()	Women ()	Men ()	value
Age, (%)
	36 (73.5)	12 (24.5)	24 (49.0)	0.104
≥65	13 (26.5)	8 (16.3)	5 (10.2)
Weight (kg),
				0.085
Comorbidities, (%)
SAH	38 (77.6)	15 (30.6)	23 (46.9)	0.373
DM+SAH	7 (14.3)	2 (4.1)	5 (10.2)
Others	4 (8.2)	3 (6.1)	1 (2.0)
Smoking, (%) (cigars/day)
Yes	7 (14.3) 20	2 (4.1) 15	5 (10.2) 5	0.684
No	42 (85.7)	18 (36.7)	24 (49.0)
Alcohol intake, (%) (g/day)
Yes	3 (6.1) 50	0 (0)	3 (6.1) 50	0.260
No	46 (93.9)	20 (40.8)	26 (53.1)
Time in hemodialysis (months),
				0.275
Urea predialysis (mg/dl),
				0.026
Urea postdialysis (mg/dl),
				0.406
Creatinine (mg/dl),
				0.072
Hemoglobin (g/dl),
				0.181
Urea reduction rate (%),
				0.484
, (%)
<1.2	17 (34.7)	8 (16.3)	9 (18.4)	0.555
≥1.2	32 (65.3)	12 (24.5)	20 (40.8)

DM: diabetes mellitus; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; other comorbidities = hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, and hepatitis C;  = urea clearance dialyzer,  = treatment time,  = volume of distribution of urea; S.D.: standard deviation of the mean. values represent the result of Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Student’s -test or Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables. values in bold indicate the statistical difference among the groups stratified by sex ().