Antioxidants as Adjuvants in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 5

Risk of bias evaluation in nonrandomized trials (ROBINS-I tool).

Domains
Author	Preintervention		At intervention	Postintervention				Overall risk of bias judgment
	Bias due to confounding	Bias in selecting participants for the study	Bias in classifying interventions	Bias due to deviations from intended intervention	Bias due to missing data	Bias in measuring outcomes	Bias in selecting reported result
Mathur et al. (2013)	Low	Low	Low	Low	NI	Low	Low	Low

The categories for risk of bias judgements are “low risk,” “moderate risk,” “serious risk,” and “critical risk” of bias. “Low risk” corresponds to the risk of bias in a high-quality randomized trial; NI: no information on which to base a judgement about risk of bias for this domain.