The Molecular Blueprint for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A New Paradigm for Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Table 2

Antioxidants and protease inhibitors for COPD.

S. no.	Inhibitor/drug	Mechanism/effect	Clinical progress	References
1	N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)/glutamines	Oxidative stress suppressor	Clinical trials are going on. Effective in high-risk patients (NCT01136239) (NCT00184977)	[145, 146]
2	SOD/GPx	ROS reducer	Established in animal models. Clinical trials underway	[147]
3	Sulforaphane	ROS and RNS reducer	4 Weeks clinical study, no effect (NCT01335971)	[148]
4	Resveratrol	Activator of SIRT1	12 Weeks of clinical study done (NCT03819517)	[149]
5	SRT1720	Activator of SIRT1	Established in animal model	[150]
6	AZD1236	Anti MMP-9 and; MMP-12	6 Weeks clinical study. Results not statistically significant	[151]
7	Sivelestat; (ONO-5046)	Protection from NE-mediated lung damage	Clinically approved in Japan for ALI and ARDS	[152]
8	AZD9668	Protection from NE-mediated lung damage	12 Weeks clinical study with budesonide. No effect	[153]