The Molecular Blueprint for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A New Paradigm for Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Table 4

cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor for COPD.

S. no.	Inhibitor/drug	Mechanism/effect	Clinical progress	References
1	Roflumilast	PDE4 inhibitor	US-FDA approved drug	[177, 178]
2	GSK-256066	PDE4 inhibitor	4 Weeks inhaled treatment; (NCT00549679)	[179]
3	CHF6001	PDE4 inhibitor	Clinical testing going on (NCT01730404)	[180]
4	Tadalafil	PDE5 inhibitor	Approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension 12-week treatment (NCT01197469)	[181]
5	RPL554	PDE3/PDE4 inhibitor	Being investigated as an adjunct; (NCT02542254)	[182]