Table 1

Probe set ID Gene symbol Gene products and functions (from GENE database; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene) Fold change* 214484_s_at SIGMAR1 Sigma nonopioid intracellular receptor 1, plays an important role in the cellular functions of various tissues associated with the endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. Mutations are implicated in early-onset dementia and neurodegeneration. 2.46 205231_s_at EPM2A Laforin, a dual-specificity phosphatase associates with polyribosomes. This gene is defective in a neurodegenerative disorder associated with epileptic seizures (Lafora disease). Possibly a repair enzyme. 2.32 204860_s_at NAIP Apoptosis inhibitory protein; functions include suppression of neuronal apoptosis 2.13 208229_at FGFR2 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, influences mitogenesis and differentiation, important in embryonic brain development. 1.9 209897_s_at SLIT2 Slit homolog 2, neuronal repellent factor, nervous system development; downregulation of this gene by neuronal differentiation factor promotes tumor growth in neuroblastomas [63]. 1.67

*This represents the average fold change of gene expression of the three GHK instances profiled in the cMap. Furthermore, it should be noted that all instances were performed using doses of GHK at 1 micromolar. Peak cellular responses to GHK have been recorded at 1 nanomolar; higher doses can reduce the cellular response [56].