Racial/Ethnic Patterns in Prostate Cancer Outcomes in an Active Surveillance Cohort

Table 4

Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model predicting overall survival in a cohort of subjects with prostate cancer (CaP) followed on active surveillance (AS) for primary treatment, stratified by secondary treatment type.

Secondary treatment type characteristic	None (AS only)		RP^3		EBRT-Br^4		HT^5
	HOR^1 (95% CI^2)	P value	HOR (95% CI)	P value	HOR (95% CI)	P value	HOR (95% CI)	P value
Age at diagnosis, years		0.1737		0.1532		0.3743		0.4236
<60	Referent	—	Referent	—	Referent	—	Referent	—
60–60.9	2.43 (0.84–6.97)	0.0983	1.65 (0.35–7.60)	0.5196	1.35 (0.45–4.02)	0.5836	1.84 (0.40–8.27)	0.4264
≥70	2.700 (0.95–7.64)	0.0616	4.41 (0.85–22.7)	0.0762	1.84 (0.62–5.42)	0.2663	1.32 (0.30–5.74)	0.7108
Race
White	Referent	—	Referent	—	Referent	—	Referent	—
Black	1.24 (0.74–2.07)	0.4120	0.46 (0.09–2.32)	0.3522	1.14 (0.64–2.03)	0.6478	1.17 (0.60–2.29)	0.6282
Comorbidities		0.3218		0.4464		0.0061		0.5145
0	Referent	—	Referent	—	Referent	—	Referent	—
1	1.15 (0.66–1.99)	0.6059	2.42 (0.65–8.99)	0.1865	0.58 (0.27–1.23)	0.1582	1.06 (0.53–2.12)	0.8657
2	1.60 (0.85–3.02)	0.1425	0.97 (0.19–4.84)	0.9731	0.48 (0.21–1.06)	0.0724	1.22 (0.60–2.46)	0.5730
≥3	1.53 (0.86–2.71)	0.1431	2.05 (0.33–12.6)	0.4361	1.70 (0.82–3.53)	0.1518	0.71 (0.34–1.50)	0.3800
D’Amico et al. risk strata		<0.0001		0.0353		0.0007		0.0787
Low	Referent	—	Referent	—	Referent	—	Referent	—
Intermediate	1.47 (0.88–2.45)	0.1371	1.78 (0.44–7.12)	0.4124	2.16 (0.99–4.71)	0.0528	1.75 (0.87–3.51)	0.1112
High	3.52 (2.18–5.69)	<0.0001	5.64 (1.48–21.4)	0.0110	4.20 (1.98–8.90)	0.0002	2.03 (1.09–3.78)	0.0257
Dx^6 to secondary treatment, months	—	—	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	0.8635	0.98 (0.97–1.00)	0.0424	0.98 (0.975–0.99)	0.0010

¹HOR: hazard Odds Ratio.
²CI: confidence Interval.
³RP: radical prostatectomy.
⁴ EBRT-BR: external beam radiation therapy and Brachytherapy, combined.
⁵HT: hormone therapy.
⁶ Dx: diagnosis of CaP.