Journal Menu
- About this Journal
- Abstracting and Indexing
- Aims and Scope
- Article Processing Charges
- Articles in Press
- Author Guidelines
- Bibliographic Information
- Citations to this Journal
- Contact Information
- Editorial Board
- Editorial Workflow
- Free eTOC Alerts
- Publication Ethics
- Reviewers Acknowledgment
- Submit a Manuscript
- Subscription Information
- Table of Contents
Prostate Cancer
Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 419174, 8 pages
doi:10.1155/2011/419174
Review Article
An Update on the Changing Indications for Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
Received 29 June 2010; Accepted 3 January 2011
Academic Editor: Manfred P. Wirth
Copyright © 2011 Kristene Myklak and Shandra Wilson. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- P. C. Walsh, “Physiologic basis for hormonal theapy in carcinoma of the prostate,” Urologic Clinics of North America, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 125–140, 1975. View at Scopus
- G. D. Norata, P. Cattaneo, A. Poletti, and A. L. Catapano, “The androgen derivative 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol inhibits tumor necrosis factor α and lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in human endothelial cells and in mice aorta,” Atherosclerosis, vol. 212, no. 1, pp. 100–106, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- N. L. Keating, A. J. O'Malley, and M. R. Smith, “Diabetes and cardiovascular disease during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 24, no. 27, pp. 4448–4456, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- G. J. van Londen, M. E. Levy, S. Perera, J. B. Nelson, and S. L. Greenspan, “Body composition changes during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a 2-year prospective study,” Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 172–177, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. R. Smith, J. S. Finkelstein, F. J. McGovern et al., “Changes in body composition during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 599–603, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. K. Tsai, A. V. D'Amico, N. Sadetsky, M. H. Chen, and P. R. Carroll, “Androgen deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer and the risk of cardiovascular mortality,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 99, no. 20, pp. 1516–1524, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. R. Smith, H. Lee, and D. M. Nathan, “Insulin sensitivity during combined androgen blockade for prostate cancer,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 1305–1308, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- J. A. Efstathiou, K. Bae, W. U. Shipley et al., “Cardiovascular mortality and duration of androgen deprivation for locally advanced prostate cancer: analysis of RTOG 92-02,” European Urology, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 816–824, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. R. Smith, S. B. Malkowicz, F. Chu et al., “Toremifene improves lipid profiles in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: interim Analysis of a multicenter phase III study,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 1824–1829, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- P. E. Kintzel, S. L. Chase, L. M. Schultz, and T. J. O'Rourke, “Increased risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer,” Pharmacotherapy, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 1511–1522, 2008. View at Scopus
- D. A. Galvão, N. A. Spry, D. R. Taaffe et al., “Changes in muscle, fat and bone mass after 36 weeks of maximal androgen blockade for prostate cancer,” BJU International, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 44–47, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- T. W. Flaig and L. M. Glodé, “Management of the side effects of androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer,” Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 2829–2841, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- S. L. Greenspan, J. B. Nelson, D. L. Trump et al., “Skeletal health after continuation, withdrawal, or delay of alendronate in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 26, no. 27, pp. 4426–4434, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. R. Smith, F. Saad, B. Egerdie et al., “Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer,” Journal of Urology, vol. 182, no. 6, pp. 2670–2676, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. D. Michaelson, D. S. Kaufman, H. Lee et al., “Randomized controlled trial of annual zoledronic acid to prevent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-induced bone loss in men with prostate cancer,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1038–1042, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. R. Smith, J. Eastham, D. M. Gleason, D. Shasha, S. Tchekmedyian, and N. Zinner, “Randomized controlled trial of zoledronic acid to prevent bone loss in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer,” Journal of Urology, vol. 169, no. 6, pp. 2008–2012, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- C. J. Nelson, J. S. Lee, M. C. Gamboa, and A. J. Roth, “Cognitive effects of hormone therapy in men with prostate cancer: a review,” Cancer, vol. 113, no. 5, pp. 1097–1106, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- C. J. DiBlasio, J. Hammett, J. B. Malcolm et al., “Prevalence and predictive factors for the development of de novo psychiatric illness in patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer,” The Canadian journal of urology, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 4249–4256, 2008. View at Scopus
- S. M. Alibhai, H. Breunis, N. Timilshina, et al., “Impact of androgen-deprivation therapy on cognitive function in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 28, no. 34, pp. 5030–5037, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- M. M. Cherrier, S. Aubin, and C. S. Higano, “Cognitive and mood changes in men undergoing intermittent combined androgen blockade for non-metastatic prostate cancer,” Psycho-Oncology, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 237–247, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. E. Levy, S. Perera, G. J. van Londen, J. B. Nelson, C. A. Clay, and S. L. Greenspan, “Physical function changes in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy: a 2-year prospective study,” Urology, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 735–739, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- K. K. Curtis, T. J. Adam, S. C. Chen, R. K. Pruthi, and M. K. Gornet, “Anaemia following initiation of androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic prostate cancer: a retrospective chart review,” Aging Male, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 157–161, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- G. W. Bong, H. S. Clarke, W. C. Hancock, and T. E. Keane, “Serum testosterone recovery after cessation of long-term luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist in patients with prostate cancer,” Urology, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 1177–1180, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. T. Smith King, S. Egger, M. P. Berry, et al., “Quality of life three years after diagnosis of localized prostate cancer: population based cohort study,” British Medical Journal, vol. 339, article b4817, 2009.
- L. S. Wilson, R. Tesoro, E. P. Elkin et al., “Cumulative cost pattern comparison of prostate cancer treatments,” Cancer, vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 518–527, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- F. E. C. Calais da Silva, A. V. Bono, P. Whelan et al., “Intermittent androgen deprivation for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: results from a randomised phase 3 study of the South European Uroncological Group,” European Urology, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1269–1277, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. Hussain, C. M. Tangen, C. Higano et al., “Absolute prostate-specific antigen value after androgen deprivation is a strong independent predictor of survival in new metastatic prostate cancer: data from Southwest Oncology Group trial 9346 (INT-0162),” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 24, no. 24, pp. 3984–3990, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- N. D. Shore and E. D. Crawfor, “Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy: redefining the standard of care?” Reviews in Urology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2010.
- N. Bruchovsky, L. Klotz, J. Crook, N. Phillips, J. Abersbach, and S. L. Goldenberg, “Quality of life, morbidity, and mortality results of a prospective phase II study of intermittent androgen suppression for men with evidence of prostate-specific antigen relapse after radiation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer,” Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 46–52, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Heidenreich, G. Aus, M. Bolla et al., “EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer,” European Urology, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 68–80, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- P. Iversen, J.-E. Johansson, P. Lodding et al., “Bicalutamide 150 mg in addition to standard care for patients with early non-metastatic prostate cancer: updated results from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Period Group-6 Study after a median follow-up period of 7.1 years,” Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 441–452, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- D. G. McLeod, P. Iversen, W. A. See, T. Morris, J. Armstrong, and M. P. Wirth, “Bicalutamide 150 mg plus standard care vs standard care alone for early prostate cancer,” BJU International, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 247–254, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. V. Pilepich, K. Winter, C. A. Lawton, et al., “Androgen suppression adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in carcinoma—long-term results of phase III RTOG 85–31,” International Journal of Radiation Oncology, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1097–1105, 2002.
- B. A. Jereczek-Fossa, A. Vavassori, C. Fodor et al., “Dose escalation for prostate cancer using the three-dimensional conformal dynamic arc technique: analysis of 542 consecutive patients,” International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 784–794, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- W. M. Mendenhall, R. H. Henderson, and N. P. Mendenhall, “Definitive radiotherapy for prostate cancer,” American Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 496–503, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. Beasley, S. G. Williams, T. Pickles et al., “Expanded risk groups help determine which prostate radiotherapy sub-group may benefit from adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy,” Radiation Oncology, vol. 3, no. 1, article 8, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- G. L. Lu-Yao, P. C. Albertsen, D. F. Moore et al., “Survival following primary androgen deprivation therapy among men with localized prostate cancer,” JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 300, no. 2, pp. 173–181, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- U. E. Studer, L. Collette, P. Whelan et al., “Using PSA to guide timing of androgen deprivation in patients with T0-4 N0-2 M0 prostate cancer not suitable for local curative treatment (EORTC 30891),” European Urology, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 941–949, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- G. Steineck, F. Helgesen, J. Adolfsson et al., “Quality of life after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 347, no. 11, pp. 790–796, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- B. Ercole, S. R. Marietti, J. Fine, and P. C. Albertsen, “Outcomes following active surveillance of men with localized prostate cancer diagnosed in the prostate specific antigen era,” Journal of Urology, vol. 180, no. 4, pp. 1336–1339, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- G. L. Andriole, R. L. Grubb, S. S. Buys et al., “Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 360, no. 13, pp. 1310–1319, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- F. H. Schröder, J. Hugosson, M. J. Roobol et al., “Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized european study,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 360, no. 13, pp. 1320–1328, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- A. V. D'Amico, M. Loffredo, A. A. Renshaw, B. Loffredo, and M. H. Chen, “Six-month androgen suppression plus radiation therapy compared with radiation therapy alone for men with prostate cancer and a rapidly increasing pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 24, no. 25, pp. 4190–4195, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. J. Zelefsky, Y. Yamada, Z. Fuks et al., “Long-term results of conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: impact of dose escalation on biochemical tumor control and distant metastases-free survival outcomes,” International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1028–1033, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- J. W. Denham, A. Steigler, C. Wilcox et al., “Time to biochemical failure and prostate-specific antigen doubling time as surrogates for prostate cancer-specific mortality: evidence from the TROG 96.01 randomised controlled trial,” The Lancet Oncology, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1058–1068, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- G. E. Hanks, T. F. Pajak, A. Porter et al., “Phase III trial of long-term adjuvant androgen deprivation after neoadjuvant hormonal cytoreduction and radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate: the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 92-02,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 21, no. 21, pp. 3972–3978, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. Bolla, L. Collette, L. Blank et al., “Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomised trial,” The Lancet, vol. 360, no. 9327, pp. 103–108, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Zapatero, F. García-Vicente, D. Sevillano et al., “Is hormone therapy a protective factor for late hematuria after high-dose radiotherapy in prostate cancer?” Urology, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 1130–1134, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- E. M. Messing, J. Manola, J. Yao et al., “Immediate versus deferred androgen deprivation treatment in patients with node-positive prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy,” The Lancet Oncology, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 472–479, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- The Medical Research Council Prostate Cancer Working Party Investigators Group, “Immediate versus deferred treatment for advanced prostatic cancer: initial results of the Medical Research Council trial,” The Journal of urology, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 235–246, 1997.
- M. A. Ghafar, C. W. Johnson, A. De La Taille et al., “Salvage cryotherapy using an argon based system for locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy: the Columbia experience,” Journal of Urology, vol. 166, no. 4, pp. 1333–1337, 2001. View at Scopus
- A. G. Anastasiadis, R. Sachdev, L. Salomon et al., “Comparison of health-related quality of life and prostate-associated symptoms after primary and salvage cryotherapy for prostate cancer,” Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, vol. 129, no. 12, pp. 676–682, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. N. Simmons, A. J. Stephenson, and E. A. Klein, “Natural history of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: risk assessment for secondary therapy,” European Urology, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1175–1184, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- N. Sharifi, J. L. Gulley, and W. L. Dahut, “Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer,” Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 294, no. 2, pp. 238–244, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- D. E. Soto, R. R. Andridge, C. C. Pan, S. G. Williams, J. M. G. Taylor, and H. M. Sandler, “In patients experiencing biochemical failure after radiotherapy, pretreatment risk group and PSA velocity predict differences in overall survival and biochemical failure-free interval,” International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 1295–1301, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- D. Palma, S. Tyldesley, T. Pickles, et al., “Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen velocity is associated with development of distant metastases and prostate cancer mortality in men treated with radiotherapy and androgen-deprivation therapy,” Cancer, vol. 112, no. 9, pp. 1941–1948, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- S. G. Williams, M. K. Buyyounouski, T. Pickles et al., “Percentage of biopsy cores positive for malignancy and biochemical failure following prostate cancer radiotherapy in 3,264 men: statistical significance without predictive performance,” International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 1169–1175, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- A. V. D'Amico, A. A. Renshaw, B. Sussman, and M. H. Chen, “Pretreatment PSA velocity and risk of death from prostate cancer following external beam radiation therapy,” Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 294, no. 4, pp. 440–447, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- D. J. D'Ambrosio, K. Ruth, E. M. Horwitz, R. G. Uzzo, A. Pollack, and M. K. Buyyounouski, “How can men destined for biochemical failure after androgen deprivation and radiotherapy be identified earlier?” International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 1487–1491, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- N. A. Rodrigues, M. H. Chen, W. J. Catalona, K. A. Roehl, J. P. Richie, and A. V. D'Amico, “Predictors of mortality after androgen-deprivation therapy in patients with rapidly rising prostate-specific antigen levels after local therapy for prostate cancer,” Cancer, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 514–520, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- T. Okegawa, K. Nutahara, and E. Higashihara, “Immunomagnetic quantification of circulating tumor cells as a prognostic factor of androgen deprivation responsiveness in patients with hormone naïve metastatic prostate cancer,” Journal of Urology, vol. 180, no. 4, pp. 1342–1347, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- A. Stangelberger, A. V. Schally, and B. Djavan, “New treatment approaches for prostate cancer based on peptide analogues,” European Urology, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 890–900, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- K. Xu, H. Shimelis, D. E. Linn et al., “Regulation of androgen receptor transcriptional activity and specificity by RNF6-induced ubiquitination,” Cancer Cell, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 270–282, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- K. Xu, H. Shimelis, D. E. Linn et al., “Regulation of androgen receptor transcriptional activity and specificity by RNF6-induced ubiquitination,” Cancer Cell, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 270–282, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- A. L. Sabbota, H. R. C. Kim, X. Zhe, R. Fridman, R. D. Bonfil, and M. L. Cher, “Shedding of RANKL by tumor-associated MT1-MMP activates Src-dependent prostate cancer cell migration,” Cancer Research, vol. 70, no. 13, pp. 5558–5566, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- S. K. Shah, D. L. Trump, O. Sartor, W. Tan, G. E. Wilding, and J. L. Mohler, “Phase II study of dutasteride for recurrent prostate cancer during androgen deprivation therapy,” Journal of Urology, vol. 181, no. 2, pp. 621–626, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- R. E. Serda, M. Bisoffi, T. A. Thompson, M. Ji, J. L. Omdahl, and L. O. Sillerud, “Iα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 down-regulates expression of prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer cells,” Prostate, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 773–783, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- L. Klotz, L. Boccon-Gibod, N. D. Shore et al., “The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer,” BJU International, vol. 102, no. 11, pp. 1531–1538, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- H. Van Poppel, B. Tombal, J. J. de la Rosette, B. E. Persson, J. K. Jensen, and T. Kold Olesen, “Degarelix: a Novel Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) receptor blocker-results from a 1-yr, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 dosage-finding study in the treatment of prostate cancer,” European Urology, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 805–813, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- D. Schrijvers, P. Van Erps, and J. Cortvriend, “Castration-refractory prostate cancer: new drugs in the pipeline,” Advances in Therapy, vol. 5, pp. 285–296, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus