1Combined and updated from Nonn et al., 2009 [5] and Halin et al., 2011 [4]. 2Additional markers of field cancerization that are not strictly molecular in nature, but rather represent cellular changes or adaptations to the presence of the tumor are cell morphological architecture [83], increased numbers of mast cells and macrophages [84–86], and enhanced microvessel density [87, 88]. 3Within a type of molecular alteration group, the studies are reported in chronological order; references are original articles only; additional review articles are listed in the text. 4Reported in stromal cells.