Prostate Cancer

Research Article

Intake of Grains and Dietary Fiber and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness by Race

Table 2

Age-adjusted and fully adjusted odds ratios for prostate cancer aggressiveness in relation to refined grain, whole grain and dietary fiber intake stratified by race.


	African Americans					European Americans					All subjects
Exposure tertile^c	n (cases/controls)	OR^a	95% CI^a	OR^b	95% CI^b	n (cases/controls)	OR^a	95% CI^a	OR^b	95% CI^b	n (cases/controls)	OR^a	95% CI^a	OR^b	95% CI^b

Refined grain intake

T1	65/256	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	51/283	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	116/539	1.00	referent	1.00	referent
T2	47/246	1.01	0.66–1.55	0.99	0.62–1.60	52/271	0.99	0.66–1.50	0.96	0.61–1.50	99/517	1.01	0.75–1.35	0.98	0.71–1.36
T3	74/241	1.23	0.84–1.80	0.95	0.54–1.66	47/285	0.87	0.56–1.36	0.61	0.33–1.14	121/526	1.12	0.84–1.49	0.78	0.52–1.17
P^(trend)			0.26		0.85			0.55		0.19			0.40		0.21
P^{(race interaction)}	0.43

Whole grain intake

T1	95/320	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	46/230	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	141/550	1.00	referent	1.00	referent
T2	45/229	0.93	0.63–1.37	0.97	0.64–1.47	60/287	1.07	0.72–1.63	1.13	0.72–1.78	105/516	0.96	0.73–1.28	1.06	0.78–1.43
T3	46/194	1.02	0.68–1.51	1.13	0.73–1.76	44/322	0.64	0.41–1.01	0.66	0.40–1.09	90/516	0.77	0.58–1.04	0.88	0.63–1.22
P^(trend)			0.69		0.62			0.02		0.89			0.17		0.15
P^{(race interaction)}	0.14

Total fiber intake

T1	87/289	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	52/258	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	139/547	1.00	referent	1.00	referent
T2	55/232	0.63	0.41–0.98	0.57	0.35–0.93	59/285	0.86	0.57–1.29	0.78	0.48–1.25	114/517	0.73	0.55–0.98	0.70	0.50–0.97
T3	44/222	1.01	0.76–1.59	0.77	0.44–1.34	39/296	0.66	0.42–1.04	0.44	0.23–0.87	83/518	0.91	0.68–1.20	0.61	0.40–0.93
P^(trend)			0.48		0.43			0.07		0.02			0.55		0.02
P^{(race interaction)}	0.11

Insoluble fiber intake

T1	85/287	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	51/247	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	136/534	1.00	referent	1.00	referent
T2	60/235	0.67	0.44–1.02	0.63	0.39–1.02	55/285	0.87	0.57–1.39	0.78	0.49–1.29	116/520	0.76	0.57–1.02	0.75	0.54–1.04
T3	41/221	1.10	0.76–1.60	0.80	0.47–1.37	44/307	0.62	0.39–0.97	0.43	0.22–0.82	85/528	0.86	0.66–1.16	0.61	0.41–0.92
P^(trend)			0.52		0.46			0.04		0.01			0.39		0.02
P^{(race interaction)}	0.13

Soluble fiber intake

T1	86/286	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	55/263	1.00	referent	1.00	referent	143/549	1.00	referent	1.00	referent
T2	44/221	0.82	0.54–1.23	0.75	0.47–1.19	54/295	0.71	0.47–1.06	0.62	0.38–1.00	98/516	0.76	0.57–1.01	0.69	0.50–0.97
T3	56/236	1.17	0.79–1.72	0.84	0.47–1.53	41/281	0.72	0.46–1.13	0.46	0.23–0.93	97/517	0.97	0.73–1.30	0.64	0.41–0.99
P^(trend)			0.12		0.62			0.97		0.03			0.97		0.65
P^{(race interaction)}	0.48

^aadjusted for age only.
^badjusted for age, race (in race-unstratified models), total energy intake,education level, smoking status, physical activity, use of nutritional supplements, use of NSAIDs, prostate cancer screening history, family history of prostate cancer and body mass index.
^cTertile ranges and units are as follows.
Refined grain (servings/d): T1 ≤ 3.50, 3.5 < T2 ≤ 5.28, T3 > 5.28.
Whole grain (servings/d): T1 ≤ 0.63, 0.63 < T2 ≤ 1.33, T3 > 1.33.
Total fiber (grams/d): T1 ≤ 16.94, 16.94 < T2 ≤ 24.83, T3 > 24.83.
Insoluble fiber (grams/d): T1 ≤ 10.9, 10.9 < T2 ≤ 16.2, T3 > 16.2.
Soluble fiber (grams/d): T1 ≤ 5.81, 5.81 < T2 ≤ 8.86, T3 > 8.86.