Table 2: Age-adjusted and fully adjusted odds ratios for prostate cancer aggressiveness in relation to refined grain, whole grain and dietary fiber intake stratified by race.

African Americans European Americans All subjects Exposure tertilec n (cases/controls) ORa 95% CIa ORb 95% CIb n (cases/controls) ORa 95% CIa ORb 95% CIb n (cases/controls) ORa 95% CIa ORb 95% CIb Refined grain intake T1 65/256 1.00 referent 1.00 referent 51/283 1.00 referent 1.00 referent 116/539 1.00 referent 1.00 referent T2 47/246 1.01 0.66–1.55 0.99 0.62–1.60 52/271 0.99 0.66–1.50 0.96 0.61–1.50 99/517 1.01 0.75–1.35 0.98 0.71–1.36 T3 74/241 1.23 0.84–1.80 0.95 0.54–1.66 47/285 0.87 0.56–1.36 0.61 0.33–1.14 121/526 1.12 0.84–1.49 0.78 0.52–1.17 P(trend)     0.26   0.85     0.55   0.19     0.40   0.21 P(race interaction) 0.43                             Whole grain intake T1 95/320 1.00 referent 1.00 referent 46/230 1.00 referent 1.00 referent 141/550 1.00 referent 1.00 referent T2 45/229 0.93 0.63–1.37 0.97 0.64–1.47 60/287 1.07 0.72–1.63 1.13 0.72–1.78 105/516 0.96 0.73–1.28 1.06 0.78–1.43 T3 46/194 1.02 0.68–1.51 1.13 0.73–1.76 44/322 0.64 0.41–1.01 0.66 0.40–1.09 90/516 0.77 0.58–1.04 0.88 0.63–1.22 P(trend)     0.69   0.62     0.02   0.89     0.17   0.15 P(race interaction) 0.14                             Total fiber intake T1 87/289 1.00 referent 1.00 referent 52/258 1.00 referent 1.00 referent 139/547 1.00 referent 1.00 referent T2 55/232 0.63 0.41–0.98 0.57 0.35–0.93 59/285 0.86 0.57–1.29 0.78 0.48–1.25 114/517 0.73 0.55–0.98 0.70 0.50–0.97 T3 44/222 1.01 0.76–1.59 0.77 0.44–1.34 39/296 0.66 0.42–1.04 0.44 0.23–0.87 83/518 0.91 0.68–1.20 0.61 0.40–0.93 P(trend)     0.48   0.43     0.07   0.02     0.55   0.02 P(race interaction) 0.11                             Insoluble fiber intake T1 85/287 1.00 referent 1.00 referent 51/247 1.00 referent 1.00 referent 136/534 1.00 referent 1.00 referent T2 60/235 0.67 0.44–1.02 0.63 0.39–1.02 55/285 0.87 0.57–1.39 0.78 0.49–1.29 116/520 0.76 0.57–1.02 0.75 0.54–1.04 T3 41/221 1.10 0.76–1.60 0.80 0.47–1.37 44/307 0.62 0.39–0.97 0.43 0.22–0.82 85/528 0.86 0.66–1.16 0.61 0.41–0.92 P(trend)     0.52   0.46     0.04   0.01     0.39   0.02 P(race interaction) 0.13                             Soluble fiber intake T1 86/286 1.00 referent 1.00 referent 55/263 1.00 referent 1.00 referent 143/549 1.00 referent 1.00 referent T2 44/221 0.82 0.54–1.23 0.75 0.47–1.19 54/295 0.71 0.47–1.06 0.62 0.38–1.00 98/516 0.76 0.57–1.01 0.69 0.50–0.97 T3 56/236 1.17 0.79–1.72 0.84 0.47–1.53 41/281 0.72 0.46–1.13 0.46 0.23–0.93 97/517 0.97 0.73–1.30 0.64 0.41–0.99 P(trend)     0.12   0.62     0.97   0.03     0.97   0.65 P(race interaction) 0.48

aadjusted for age only. badjusted for age, race (in race-unstratified models), total energy intake,education level, smoking status, physical activity, use of nutritional supplements, use of NSAIDs, prostate cancer screening history, family history of prostate cancer and body mass index. cTertile ranges and units are as follows. Refined grain (servings/d): T1 ≤ 3.50, 3.5 < T2 ≤ 5.28, T3 > 5.28. Whole grain (servings/d): T1 ≤ 0.63, 0.63 < T2 ≤ 1.33, T3 > 1.33. Total fiber (grams/d): T1 ≤ 16.94, 16.94 < T2 ≤ 24.83, T3 > 24.83. Insoluble fiber (grams/d): T1 ≤ 10.9, 10.9 < T2 ≤ 16.2, T3 > 16.2. Soluble fiber (grams/d): T1 ≤ 5.81, 5.81 < T2 ≤ 8.86, T3 > 8.86.