Intake of Grains and Dietary Fiber and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness by Race
Table 3
Fully adjusteda odds ratios for prostate cancer aggressiveness in relation to refined grain, whole grain, and dietary fiber intake from polytomous regression models, with and without stratification by race.
Exposure tertileb
African Americans
European Americans
All subjects
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
Refined grain intake
Intermediate versus low aggressive
T1
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
T2
1.01
0.67–1.52
0.88
0.61–1.27
0.95
0.72–1.24
T3
1.43
0.88–2.33
0.73
0.45–1.17
1.02
0.73–1.43
High versus low aggressive
T1
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
T2
0.99
0.60–1.65
0.91
0.57–1.45
0.96
0.69–1.35
T3
1.11
0.61–2.02
0.54
0.28–1.03
0.79
0.52–1.21
Whole grain intake
Intermediate versus low aggressive
T1
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
T2
0.93
0.65–1.35
1.23
0.84–1.80
1.07
0.83–1.39
T3
1.06
0.72–1.56
0.93
0.63–1.39
0.98
0.79–1.30
High versus low aggressive
T1
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
T2
0.94
0.60–1.47
1.22
0.76–1.96
1.09
0.79–1.50
T3
1.16
0.73–1.87
0.65
0.39–1.09
0.87
0.62–1.23
Total fiber intake
Intermediate versus low aggressive
T1
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
T2
1.33
0.60–1.34
0.92
0.62–1.36
0.92
0.70–1.21
T3
1.92
0.77–2.05
0.74
0.44–1.23
0.97
0.69–1.37
High versus low aggressive
T1
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
T2
1.00
0.33–0.92
0.75
0.46–1.24
0.67
0.47–0.95
T3
1.08
0.47–1.56
0.39
0.19–0.79
0.60
0.39–0.93
Insoluble fiber intake
Intermediate versus low aggressive
T1
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
T2
0.89
0.60–1.34
0.92
0.62–1.36
1.09
0.83–1.44
T3
1.26
0.77–2.05
0.74
0.44–1.23
0.99
0.71–1.39
High versus low aggressive
T1
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
T2
0.55
0.33–0.92
0.75
0.46–1.24
0.76
0.54–1.08
T3
0.86
0.47–1.56
0.39
0.20–0.79
0.61
0.39–0.93
Soluble fiber intake
Intermediate versus low aggressive
T1
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
T2
0.88
0.59–1.31
0.79
0.54–1.16
0.84
0.64–1.11
T3
1.14
0.68–1.92
0.67
0.39–1.14
0.90
0.63–1.29
High versus low aggressive
T1
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
1.00
referent
T2
0.71
0.43–1.16
0.57
0.34–0.93
0.65
0.46–0.92
T3
0.89
0.47–1.70
0.39
0.19–0.82
0.61
0.38–0.97
aAdjusted for age, race (in race-unstratified models), total energy intake, education level, smoking status, physical activity, use of nutritional supplements, use of NSAIDs, prostate cancer screening history, family history of prostate cancer, and body mass index.
bTertile ranges and units are as follows. Refined grain (servings/d): T1 ≤ 3.50, 3.5 < T2 ≤ 5.28, T3 > 5.28. Whole grain (servings/d): T1 ≤ 0.63, 0.63 < T2 ≤ 1.33, T3 > 1.33. Total fiber (grams/d): T1 ≤ 16.94, 16.94 < T2 ≤ 24.83, T3 > 24.83. Insoluble fiber (grams/d): T1 ≤ 10.9, 10.9 < T2 ≤ 16.2, T3 > 16.2. Soluble fiber (grams/d): T1 ≤ 5.81, 5.81 < T2 ≤ 8.86, T3 > 8.86.
