Relationship of Dietary Intake of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids with Risk of Prostate Cancer Development: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies and Review of Literature

Table 2

Meta-analysis statistical summary on relationship of dietary omega 3 and omega 6 compound with prostate cancer risk.

Dietary compound intake	Number of studies (population size)	Total prostate cancer incidence	Sensitivity analysis
Total omega 3	2 studies (93,047)	RR: 0.973; 95% CI: 0.888, 1.065; 𝑃=0.549	𝑃=0.264; 𝐼^2=20%
ALA	5 studies (228,668)	RR: 0.956; 95% CI: 0.855, 1.070; 𝑃=0.436	𝑃=0.028; 𝐼^2=63%
ALA (adjusted)	4 studies (177,133)	RR: 0.915; 95% CI: 0.849, 0.985; 𝑃=0.019	𝑃=0.677; 𝐼^2=0%
EPA	4 studies (196,192)	RR: 0.996; 95% CI: 0.921, 1.076; 𝑃=0.911	𝑃=0.055; 𝐼^2=61%
EPA (adjusted)	3 studies (151,326)	RR: 1.049; 95% CI: 0.955, 1.152; 𝑃=0.317	𝑃=0.182; 𝐼^2=41%
DHA	4 studies (196,192)	RR: 0.990; 95% CI: 0.918, 1.068; 𝑃=0.804	𝑃=0.070; 𝐼^2=58%
DHA (adjusted)	3 studies (196,192)	RR: 1.032; 95% CI: 0.944, 1.128; 𝑃=0.489	𝑃=0.127; 𝐼^2=52%
Long-chain 𝑛-3	3 studies (75,597)	RR: 1.058; 95% CI: 0.876, 1.280; 𝑃=0.557	𝑃=0.023; 𝐼^2=73%
Long-chain 𝑛-3 (adjusted)	2 studies (30,731)	RR: 1.135; 95% CI: 1.008, 1.278; 𝑃=0.036	𝑃=0.249; 𝐼^2=25%
Long-chain 𝑛-3 + (DHA + EPA)	4 studies (82,483)	RR: 1.034; 95% CI: 0.973, 1.096; 𝑃=0.278	𝑃=0.462; 𝐼^2=0%
Total omega 6	3 studies (111,361)	RR: 1.038; 95% CI: 0.951, 1.133; 𝑃=0.404	𝑃=0.576; 𝐼^2=0%
Linoleic acid	4 studies (115,711)	RR: 0.972; 95% CI: 0.859, 1.101; 𝑃=0.659	𝑃=0.170; 𝐼^2=40%
Arachidonic acid	3 studies (113,709)	RR: 1.093; 95% CI: 0.973, 1.226; 𝑃=0.134	𝑃=0.829; 𝐼^2=0%