Table 1: Patients’ characteristics.

Characteristic Study population (n = 158) Age, mean ± SD years PSA, mean ± SD ng/mL PSA F/T, mean ± SD % Clinical T stage    T1c 127 cases  T2a–c 26 cases  T3a 5 cases Biopsy Gleason score    6 48 cases  7 86 cases ⩾8 24 cases Prostate volume, mean ± SD mL Operation    ORP 50 cases  LRP 108 cases Pathologic T stage    T2a–c 98 cases  T3ab 59 cases  T4 1 case RP Gleason score    6 16 cases  7 120 cases  ⩾8 22 cases

PSA: prostate specific antigen, F/T: free-to-total PSA ratio, RP: radical prostatectomy, ORP: open radical prostatectomy, LRP: laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.