Copyright © 2010 Jörg Spiegel. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. D. M. Wieland, J. I. Wu, L. E. Brown, T. J. Mangner, D. P. Swanson, and W. H. Beierwaltes, “Radiolabeled adrenergic neuron-bocking agents: adrenomedullary imaging with [${}^{131}\text{I}$]iodobenzylguanidine,” Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 349–353, 1980. View at Scopus
2. M. Nakajo, B. Shapiro, J. Copp, et al., “The normal and abnormal distribution of the adrenomedullary imaging agent m-[I-131]iodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG) in man: evaluation by scintigraphy,” Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 672–682, 1983. View at Scopus
3. F. A. Khafagi, B. Shapiro, M. Fischer, J. C. Sisson, R. Hutchinson, and W. H. Beierwaltes, “Phaeochromocytoma and functioning paraganglioma in childhood and adolescence: role of iodine 131 metaiodobenzylguanidine,” European Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 191–198, 1991. View at Scopus
4. A. Leung, B. Shapiro, R. Hattner, et al., “Specificity of radioiodinated MIBG for neural crest tumors in childhood,” Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1352–1357, 1997. View at Scopus
5. J. Lumbroso, O. Hartmann, and M. Schlumberger, “Therapeutic use of [${}^{131}\text{I}$]-metaiodo-benzylguanidine in neuroblastoma: a phase II study in 26 patients. “Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatrique” and Nuclear Medicine Co-investigators,” Journal of Nuclear Biology and Medicine, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 220–223, 1991. View at Scopus
6. R. J. Mairs, “Neuroblastoma therapy using radiolabelled [${}^{131}\text{I}$]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([${}^{131}\text{I}$]MIBG) in combination with other agents,” European Journal of Cancer, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1171–1173, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
7. B. Shapiro, J. E. Copp, and J. C. Sisson, “Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine for the locating of suspected pheochromocytoma: experience in 400 cases,” Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 576–585, 1985. View at Scopus
8. J. C. Sisson and B. L. Shulkin, “Nuclear medicine imaging of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma,” Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 217–223, 1999. View at Scopus
9. M. Hirayama, S. Hakusui, Y. Koike, et al., “A scintigraphical qualitative analysis of peripheral vascular sympathetic function with meta-[${}^{123}\text{I}$]iodobenzylguanidine in neurological patients with autonomic failure,” Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System, vol. 53, no. 2-3, pp. 230–234, 1995. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
10. A. Satoh, T. Serita, and M. Tsujihata, “Total defect of metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging on heart in Parkinson's disease: assessment of cardiac sympathetic denervation,” Nippon Rinsho, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 202–206, 1997. View at Scopus
11. Y. Okada, Y. Ito, J. Aida, M. Yasuhara, S.-I. Ohkawa, and K. Hirokawa, “Lewy bodies in the sinoatrial nodal ganglion: clinicopathological studies,” Pathology International, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 682–687, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
12. S. Orimo, A. Takahashi, T. Uchihara, et al., “Degeneration of cardiac sympathetic nerve begins in the early disease process of Parkinson's disease,” Brain Pathology, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 24–30, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
13. S. Orimo, “Clinical and pathological study on early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies,” Rinsho Shinkeigaku, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 11–24, 2008. View at Scopus
14. S. Braune, “The role of cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes,” Clinical Autonomic Research, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 351–355, 2001. View at Scopus
15. K. Kashihara and M. Yamamoto, “Myocardial ${}^{123}\text{I}$-MIBG scintigraphy in patients with PSP, CBD and MSA,” Journal of Neurology, vol. 253, supplement 3, pp. 35–40, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
16. M. Yoshita, J. Taki, and M. Yamada, “A clinical role for [${}^{123}\text{I}$]MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in the distinction between dementia of the Alzheimer's-type and dementia with Lewy bodies,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 583–588, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
17. H. Sawada, T. Oeda, K. Yamamoto, et al., “Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in Parkinson disease,” European Journal of Neurology, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 174–182, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
18. J. Spiegel, M.-O. Möllers, W. H. Jost, et al., “FP-CIT and MIBG scintigraphy in early Parkinson's disease,” Movement Disorders, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 552–561, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
19. M. Suzuki, M. Urashima, H. Oka, M. Hashimoto, and K. Taira, “Cardiac sympathetic denervation in bradykinesia-dominant Parkinson's disease,” NeuroReport, vol. 18, no. 17, pp. 1867–1870, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
20. J.-S. Kim, K.-S. Lee, I.-U. Song, et al., “Cardiac sympathetic denervation is correlated with Parkinsonian midline motor symptoms,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 270, no. 1-2, pp. 122–126, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
21. H. Matsui, K. Nishinaka, M. Oda, K. Komatsu, T. Kubori, and F. Udaka, “Does cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake in Parkinson's disease correlate with major autonomic symptoms?” Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 284–288, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
22. M. Shibata, Y. Morita, T. Shimizu, K. Takahashi, and N. Suzuki, “Cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction concurrent with cardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson's disease,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 276, no. 1-2, pp. 79–83, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
23. M. Suzuki, A. Kurita, M. Hashimoto, et al., “Impaired myocardial ${}^{123}\text{I}$-metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake in Lewy body disease: comparison between dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 240, no. 1-2, pp. 15–19, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
24. J. Taki, K. Nakajima, E.-H. Hwang, et al., “Peripheral sympathetic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease without autonomic failure is heart selective and disease specific,” European Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 566–573, 2000. View at Scopus
25. A. Manka-Waluch, H. Palmedo, M. J. Reinhardt, et al., “Myocardial uptake characteristics of three99mTc-labeled tracers for myocardial perfusion imaging one hour after rest injection,” Annals of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 663–670, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
26. A. Ido, N. Hasebe, H. Nakamura, et al., “Clinical significance of ${}^{123}\text{I}$-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,” Kaku Igaku, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 807–814, 1997. View at Scopus
27. S. Matsuo, I. Nakae, M. Takada, K. Murata, and Y. Nakamura, “Noninvasive identification of myocardial sympathetic and metabolic abnormalities in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy—in comparison with perfusion imaging,” Annals of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 569–572, 2002. View at Scopus
28. M. Momose, H. Kobayashi, N. Iguchi, et al., “Comparison of parameters of ${}^{123}\text{I}$-MIBG scintigraphy for predicting prognosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy,” Nuclear Medicine Communications, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 529–535, 1999. View at Scopus
29. M. Shimizu, H. Ino, M. Yamaguchi, et al., “Heterogeneity of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and systolic dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,” Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 15–20, 2002. View at Scopus
30. J. Yamazaki, H. Muto, S. Ishiguro, et al., “Quantitative scintigraphic analysis of ${}^{123}\text{I}$-MIBG by polar map in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy,” Nuclear Medicine Communications, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 219–229, 1997. View at Scopus
31. E. Bombardieri, C. Aktolun, R. P. Baum, et al., “${}^{131}\text{I}$/${}^{123}\text{I}$-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy: procedure guidelines for tumour imaging,” European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. BP132–BP139, 2003. View at Scopus
32. K. K. Solanki, J. Bomanji, J. Moyes, S. J. Mather, P. J. Trainer, and K. E. Britton, “A pharmacological guide to medicines which interfere with the biodistribution of radiolabelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG),” Nuclear Medicine Communications, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 513–521, 1992. View at Scopus
33. A. J. Hughes, S. E. Daniel, L. Kilford, and A. J. Lees, “Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 181–184, 1992. View at Scopus
34. A. J. Hughes, Y. Ben-Shlomo, S. E. Daniel, and A. J. Lees, “What features improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson's disease: a clinicopathologic study,” Neurology, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1142–1146, 1992. View at Scopus
35. H. Nagayama, M. Hamamoto, M. Ueda, J. Nagashima, and Y. Katayama, “Reliability of MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 249–251, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
36. M. Yoshita, “Differentiation of idiopathic Parkinson's disease from striatonigral degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy using iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 60–67, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
37. S. Orimo, E. Ozawa, S. Nakade, T. Sugimoto, and H. Mizusawa, “${}^{123}\text{I}$-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy in Parkinson's disease,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 189–194, 1999.
38. J. Spiegel, D. Hellwig, G. Farmakis, et al., “Myocardial sympathetic degeneration correlates with clinical phenotype of Parkinson's disease,” Movement Disorders, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 1004–1008, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
39. M. Yoshita, J. Taki, K. Yokoyama, et al., “Value of ${}^{123}\text{I}$-MIBG radioactivity in the differential diagnosis of DLB from AD,” Neurology, vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 1850–1854, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
40. H. Oka, M. Morita, K. Onouchi, M. Yoshioka, S. Mochio, and K. Inoue, “Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 254, no. 1-2, pp. 72–77, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
41. A. Quattrone, A. Bagnato, G. Annesi, et al., “Myocardial 123-metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake in genetic Parkinson's disease,” Movement Disorders, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 21–27, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
42. S. Orimo, T. Amino, M. Yokochi, et al., “Preserved cardiac sympathetic nerve accounts for normal cardiac uptake of MIBG in PARK2,” Movement Disorders, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1350–1353, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
43. M. Köllensperger, K. Seppi, C. Liener, et al., “Diffusion weighted imaging best discriminates PD from MSA-P: a comparison with tilt table testing and heart MIBG scintigraphy,” Movement Disorders, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1771–1776, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
44. A. Druschky, M. J. Hilz, G. Platsch, et al., “Differentiation of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy in early disease stages by means of I-123-MIBG-SPECT,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 175, no. 1, pp. 3–12, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
45. P. H. Lee, S. H. Yeo, H. J. Kim, and H. Y. Youm, “Correlation between cardiac ${}^{123}\text{I}$-MIBG and odor identification in patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy,” Movement Disorders, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1975–1977, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
46. S. Orimo, E. Ozawa, S. Nakade, et al., “[${}^{123}\text{I}$] meta-iodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy differentiates corticobasal degeneration from Parkinson's disease,” Internal Medicine, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 127–128, 2003.
47. P. H. Lee, J. W. Kim, O. Y. Bang, I. S. Joo, S.-N. Yoon, and K. Huh, “Cardiac ${}^{123}\text{I}$-MIBG scintigraphy in patients with essential tremor,” Movement Disorders, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1235–1238, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
48. B. Neundörfer, “Einteilung und Klinik von Polyneuropathien,” in Neurologie in Praxis und Klinik, H. C. Hopf, G. Deuschl, H. C. Diener, and H. Reichmann, Eds., vol. 2, pp. 363–377, Georg Thieme, New York, NY, USA, 3rd edition, 1999.
49. H. Oka, M. Yoshioka, M. Morita, S. Mochio, and K. Inoue, “Cardiac sympathetic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease—relationship between results of ${}^{123}\text{I}$-MIBG scintigraphy and autonomic nervous function evaluated by the Valsalva maneuver,” Rinsho Shinkeigaku, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 465–469, 2003.
50. C.-A. Haensch, H. Lerch, J. Jörg, and S. Isenmann, “Cardiac denervation occurs independent of orthostatic hypotension and impaired heart rate variability in Parkinson's disease,” Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 134–137, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
51. H. Doi, Y. Niimi, Y. Hasegawa, et al., “Relationship between cardiac ${}^{123}\text{I}$-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy and cardiovascular autonomic function test (standing test) in Parkinson's disease,” Rinsho Shinkeigaku, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 56–59, 2008. View at Scopus
52. S. Saiki, G. Hirose, K. Sakai, et al., “Cardiac ${}^{123}\text{I}$-MIBG scintigraphy can assess the disease severity and phenotype of PD,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 220, no. 1-2, pp. 105–111, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
53. J. Spiegel, D. Hellwig, W. H. Jost, et al., “Cerebral and extracranial neurodegeneration are strongy coupled in Parkinson's disease,” The Open Neurology Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–4, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed