Lingual Kinematics in Dysarthric and Nondysarthric Speakers with Parkinson's Disease

<table>Example of tongue back movement in a participant with PD during the production of <i>Karl got a croaking frog.</i> 1–5: peaks for analysis, a: start of approach, b: end of approach, c: start of release, d: end of release. Duration of approach phase [(b-a) × 5], and release phase [(d-c) × 5], given a sampling rate of 200 Hz.</table>

Parkinson’s Disease

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Lingual Kinematics in Dysarthric and Nondysarthric Speakers with Parkinson's Disease 