Impulse Control Disorders Following Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Aspects

Table 2

Development of impulse control disorders after deep brain stimulation or dopaminergic pharmacotherapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Study	Type of study	Number of patients in each study; n		Number of patients developing ICDs; n (%)
		PD + DBS	PD + DA	PD + DBS	PD + DA
Halbig et al.	Cross-sectional	16	37	3 (19%)	3 (8%)
Contarino et al.	Longitudinal	11	0	2 (18%)	n/a
Funkiewiez et al.	Longitudinal	77	0	2 (2.5%)	n/a
Czernecki et al.	Cross-sectional	18	23	n/a	n/a

Abbreviations. ICDs: impulse control disorders; PD: Parkinson’s disease; PD + DBS: patients with Parkinson’s disease who underwent deep brain stimulation surgery; PD + DA: patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with dopaminergic medication (levodopa and dopamine agonists).