UAS/GAL4 system and fly brain dopaminergic neurons. A. Diagram of GAL4/UAS system to illustrate that tissue-specific expression of GAL4 leads to transcriptional activation of LRRK2. B. Diagram of DA neuron clusters in the medial and lateral areas of the adult fly brain as in previous publications [34, 67]. Five clusters: PPM1 (unpaired), PPM2 (paired), PPM3 (paired; protocerebral posterior medial), and PPL1 and PPL2 (paired; protocerebral posterolateral) on the posterior side. (Center) Two DA clusters: PAL (protocerebral anterolateral) and PAM (paired anterolateral medial) on the anterior side. C. Images of whole-mount-immunostaining of dopaminergic neurons in a adult fly brain using anti-TH antibodies followed by green fluorescent-conjugated second antibody detection.
