Toxin-Induced and Genetic Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease

Table 2

Autosomal-dominant PD models.

Gene	Animal	Manipulation	DA neuron loss	LB-like inclusions1	DA-responsive motor deficits2	References
a-synuclein; (PARK1)	Nematode	Transgenic	Yes^§	No	Yes	[79, 80]
	Fly	Transgenic	Yes	Yes	Yes	[78]
	Mouse	Transgenic	No	Yes§ (PrP promoter)	Yes§ (PDGFβ promoter)	[81–91]
	Rat	Transgenic	Yes	No	Yes	[92–95]
	Monkey	Transgenic	Yes	No	ND	[96]
UCHL1; (PARK5)	Mouse	Transgenic	Yes	No	Yes	[105, 106]
LRRK2; (PARK8)	Nematode	Transgenic	Yes	ND	ND	[116]
	Fly	Transgenic	Yes	No	Yes	[113–115]
	Mouse	Transgenic	No	No	Yes	[117–119]

DA, dopamine; LB, Lewy body; ND, not determined; PrP, prion; PDGFβ platelet-derived growth factor β.
¹LB-like inclusions by definition contain filamentous α-synuclein.
²ND could include some degree of behavioral impairment in spontaneous and locomotor activity and in response to sensory stimulation.
^§Controversial. The opposite result has also been shown.