Review Article

Toxin-Induced and Genetic Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease

Table 3

Autosomal-recessive PD models and other causative genes of PD.

GeneAnimalManipulationDA neuron lossLB-like inclusion DA-responsive motor deficits References

Parkin (PARK2)NematodeKnockoutNoNoNo[124]
FlyKnockoutYesNoYes[125, 126]
TransgenicYesNoYes[131, 132]
MouseKnockoutNoNoND[127130]
TransgenicYesYesND[133]

PINK1 (PARK6)FlyKnockoutYesNoYes[135, 136]
MouseKnockoutNoNoND[137139]

DJ-1 (PARK7)FlyKnockoutYesNoYes[144148]
MouseKnockoutNoNoND[149151]

HtrA2/Omi (PARK13)FlyKnockoutNoNoNo[153]
MouseKnockoutNoNoND[154, 155]

Nurr1 (NR4A2)MouseKnockoutYesNoND[158160]

DA, dopamine; LB, Lewy body; ND, not determined.
1LB-like inclusions by definition contain filamentous α-synuclein.
2ND could include some degree of behavioral impairment in spontaneous and locomotor activity and in response to sensory stimulation.