Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Table 4

Mean domain scores (𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦×𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦) of the neuropsychiatric inventory items, apathy ratings, and self-rated depression and anxiety.

Psychiatric measure	PD	PD		Statistic (𝐹 or 𝑡); 𝑃  value
	No cognitive	Mild cognitive	PD  dementia
	impairment	impairment	(PDD; 𝑛=25)
	(PD-NC; 𝑛=54)	(PD-MCI; 𝑛=48)
Informant-rated scales:	Mean (SD)
Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) total and domain subscores
NPI total score	9.53 (13.03)	12.38 (12.55)	14.56 (10.50)	1.55; 0.22
Delusions	0.19 (0.99)	0.15 (0.88)	1.08 (1.93)	5.68; 0.004^b, c
Hallucinations	0.21 (0.70)	0.40 (1.35)	1.00 (1.97)	3.17; 0.045^c
Agitation/aggression	0.33 (1.25)	0.34 (1.78)	0.84 (1.67)	1.06; 0.35
Dysphoria/depression	0.92 (1.67)	1.02 (1.91)	1.52 (1.80)	0.99; 0.37
Anxiety	1.04 (1.41)	1.21 (2.07)	1.36 (2.81)	0.23; 0.79
Elation	0.25 (0.96)	0.26 (1.75)	0.12 (0.60)	0.11; 0.89
Apathy	1.01 (2.62)	3.79 (4.91)	2.8 (3.87)	6.43; 0.002^a
Disinhibition	0.15 (0.87)	0.13 (0.88)	0.24 (0.72)	0.15; 0.86
Irritability/lability	0.71 (2.00)	0.70 (2.19)	1.52 (2.33)	1.44; 0.24
Aberrant motor behaviour	0.25 (1.67)	0.13 (0.88)	1.20 (2.53)	3.77; 0.03^b, c
Sleep	3.29 (3.75)	3.91 (4.08)	2.16 (3.39)	1.73; 0.18
Appetite	0.27 (1.03)	0.06 (0.44)	1.28 (3.05)	5.40; 0.006^b, c
Apathy Inventory (AI)
AI^vi total score	3.57 (7.61)	8.67 (11.77)	NA	6.05; 0.02
AI, emotional blunting	0.91 (2.11)	2.18 (4.03)	NA	3.54; 0.06
AI, lack of initiative	1.24 (3.01)	3.24 (4.50)	NA	6.28; 0.02
AI, lack of interest	1.41 (3.07)	3.24 (4.31)	NA	5.48; 0.02
	PD	PD		Statistic (𝐹; 𝑃  value)
	No cognitive	Mild cognitive	Healthy; controls
	impairment	impairment	(HC; 𝑛=33)
	(PD-NC; 𝑛=54)	(PD-MCI; 𝑛=48)
Self-rated scales:	Mean (SD)
HADS^vii-anxiety subscore	6.15 (4.61)	6.24 (4.10)	4.50 (2.74)	2.10; 0.27
HADS-depression subscore	4.92 (3.67)	7.12 (3.50)	2.78 (2.59)	12.56; <0.001^a, d, e
Apathy Scale	7.94 (8.54)	17.62 (11.92)	9.87 (5.09)	10.17; <0.001^a, e

^viApathy Inventory (AI); ^viiHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
Post  hoc bonferroni for two group comparison, 𝑃<0.05: ^aPD-NC versus PD-MCI; ^bPD-MCI versus PDD; ^cPD-NC versus PDD; ^dPD-NC versus HC; ^ePD-MCI versus HC.