Upper Extremity Motor Learning among Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis Evaluating Movement Time in Simple Tasks

Table 3

Descriptive statistics of studies of upper lime reach task.

Study	Control group			Parkinson’s disease
	Pre	Immediate post	Late post	Pre	Immediate post	Late post
	Mean time (SD) units: seconds			Mean time (SD) units: seconds
Agostino et al. (2004) [21]; 𝑁=9 (PD); 𝑁=7 (controls)	0.305 (0.026)	0.271 (0.035)	0.238 (0.246)	0.325 (0.286)	0.275 (0.750)	0.250 (0.394)
Behrman et al. (2000) [22]; 𝑁=15 (PD); 𝑁=15 (controls)	0.183 (0.068)	0.106 (0.038)	0.111 (0.041)	0.200 (0.074)	0.130 (0.032)	0.134 (0.035)
Majsak et al. (2008) [23]; 𝑁=8 (PD); 𝑁=8 (controls)	0.388 (0.062)	0.375 (0.058)	0.375 (0.035)	0.547 (0.110)	0.505 (0.095)	0.463 (0.047)
Marinelli et al. (2009)^a [18]; 𝑁=5 (PD); 𝑁=5 (controls)	0.440 (0.014)	0.430 (0.015)		0.440 (0.011)	0.430 (0.011)
Marinelli et al. (2009)^b [18]; 𝑁=11(PD); 𝑁=11 (controls)	0.425 (0.027)	0.415 (0.035)		0.400 (0.023)	0.415 (0.189)
Platz et al. (1998)^c [4]; 𝑁=7 (PD); 𝑁=7 (controls)	0.750 (0.138)	0.550 (0.072)		0.950 (0.051)	0.850 (0.080)
Platz et al. (1998)^d [4]; 𝑁=8 (PD); 𝑁=8 (controls)	0.750 (0.138)	0.620 (0.072)		0.950 (0.051)	0.865 (0.080)

𝑁: number of subjects in each group, SD: standard deviation.
Note: ^a and ^b data were extracted from two different paradigms within one publication. The first paradigm did not include cueing and the second did.
^c and ^d data were extracted from two different experiments within one publication.