Review Article
Clinical Aspects and Management of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia
Table 1
Pharmacological characteristics of dopamine agonists.
| | Pramipexole | Ropinirole | Rotigotine | Pergolide | Bromocriptine | Cabergoline | Apomorphine | Lisuride |
| D1 | 0 | 0 | + | + | − | 0/+ | +++ | − | D2 | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | ++++ | D3 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++++ | +++ | Type | Nonergot | Nonergot | Nonergot | Ergoline | Ergoline | Ergoline | Morphine deriv. | Ergoline | Routes | os | os | td | os | os | os | sc | sc | Metabolism | — | Hepatic | Hepatic | Hepatic | ? | Hepatic | Hepatic | Hepatic | Elimin. | Urine | Urine | Urine/fecal | Urine/fecal | Fecal | Fecal/urine | Urine/fecal | Urine/fecal | Half-life (h) | 8–12 | 5–6 | 5–7 | 27 | 12–14 | 63–69 | 40 min. | 2 |
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td: transdermal; sc: subcutaneous.
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