Review Article

Dopamine Oxidation and Autophagy

Figure 5

Aminochrome forms adducts with proteins. Aminochrome forms adducts with proteins, such as DJ-1, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and complex I and III of mitochondria, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and an energy collapse. Adducts formed with α-synuclein, induces the formation of neurotoxic α-synuclein protofibrils, which inactivate chaperone-mediated autophagy and impair the proteasomal system, resulting in the dysfunction of protein degradation. Aminochrome adducts formed with α- and β-tubulin induces the aggregation of microtubules that are required for the fusion of autophagy vacuoles with lysosomes. Aminochrome also forms adducts with UCHL-1.
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