Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors for Parkinson's Disease Therapy

Figure 1

Schematic representation of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes, their intracellular function, and synaptic localization. AMPAR: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, DAG: diacylglycerol, iGluR: ionotropic glutamate receptor, IP₃: inositol (1,4,5)-triphosphate, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase, mGluR: metabotropic glutamate receptor, NMDAR: N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, PKC: protein kinase C, PLC: phospholipase C, PLD: phospholipase D (reproduced with permission from Novartis Pharma AG. 2008 Novartis).