Research Article
Recurrent Falls in People with Parkinson’s Disease without Cognitive Impairment: Focusing on Modifiable Risk Factors
Table 1
Demographic, disease-specific characteristics and balance-related measures of the sample and comparison between recurrent fallers and nonfallers.
| Characteristics | Recurrent fallers () | Nonfallers () | value | Median (min–max) | Median (min–max) |
| Age (years) | 71 (61; 85) | 70 (55; 94) | 0.355* | Disease duration (years) | 8.5 (1; 31) | 4 (1; 20) | <0.001* | LED (mg) | 775 (300; 1500) | 500 (300; 1621.9) | <0.001* | Modified Hoehn and Yahr | 3 (2; 4) | 2.5 (1; 4) | <0.001* | UPDRS ADL | 19 (2; 29) | 9 (0; 24) | <0.001* | UPDRS Motor | 43 (13; 65) | 25.5 (7; 59) | <0.001* | Schwab and England (%) | 70 (40; 100) | 90 (40; 100) | <0.001* | PDQ-8 | 42.2 (0; 93.7) | 25 (0; 78.1) | <0.001* | FES-I | 40 (23; 62) | 27 (16; 59) | <0.001* | ABC (%) | 37.2 (1.9; 81.9) | 63.1 (16.2; 100) | <0.001* | BBS | 42 (27; 54) | 52 (37; 56) | <0.001* | DGI | 16 (8; 22) | 21 (10; 24) | <0.001* | FRT (centimeters) | 14.5 (7; 32) | 20.5 (6; 34) | <0.001* | TUG (seconds) | 20.2 (7.9; 149.5) | 14.2 (7.0; 36.4) | <0.001* |
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Mann-Whitney test. LED: levodopa equivalent dose; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; ADL: activities of daily living; PDQ-8: eight-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; FES-I: Falls Efficacy Scale-International; ABC: Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale; BBS: Berg Balance Scale; DGI: Dynamic Gait Index; TUG: Timed Up and Go Test; FRT: Functional Reach Test.
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