Comparison of the Psychological Symptoms and Disease-Specific Quality of Life between Early- and Typical-Onset Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Table 3
Multivariate linear regression model for the effect of EOPD on health-related quality of life (QoL) score and its interactions with other determinant factors.
Scales/Variables
Coefficients
Wald Chi2
95% CI for
value
SEM
Lower bound
Upper bound
EOPD
−3.7
15.7
0.1
−34.3
27.1
0.814
Female sex
2.9
1.7
3.0
−0.4
6.2
0.082
Education level
Illiterate
0 (ref.)
—
—
—
—
—
Primary and/or Secondary
−3.6
2.8
1.6
−9.1
2.0
0.208
High School/Diploma
−2.8
2.9
1.0
−8.4
2.8
0.323
College and/or University
−3.8
2.8
1.8
−9.3
1.7
0.176
Comorbidity index
0.2
0.8
0.1
−1.4
1.8
0.812
Hoehn & Yahr stage
0.8
0.9
0.8
−1.0
2.7
0.384
Nutritional status (MNA score)
−0.5
0.4
1.8
−1.3
0.2
0.184
Interaction with EOPD
0.1
0.5
0.0
−0.9
1.2
0.829
Anxiety (HADS score)
0.6
0.2
8.9
0.2
1.0
Interaction with EOPD
0.2
0.4
0.2
−0.6
0.9
0.695
Depression (HADS score)
1.5
0.3
26.7
0.9
2.0
<0.00
Interaction with EOPD
−0.5
0.5
0.9
−1.5
0.5
0.344
Fatigue (FSS score)
0.1
0.1
3.3
−0.0
0.2
0.071
Interaction with EOPD
0.0
0.1
0.0
−0.2
0.2
0.846
Statistically significant factor at the significance level of 0.05 (2-tailed). (Multivariate adjustment has been performed considering sex, education level, comorbidity index, and Hoehn and Yahr stage as potential confounders).
