|
| Author | Year | Country | PD/control | RLS (%)
PD/control | LMR (%) PD/control | Characteristics of PD/RLS |
|
| Ondo et al. [40] | 2002 | USA | 303/— | 20.8/— | — | Lower serum ferritin levels. Older age at RLS onset, less frequent family history |
|
| Tan et al. [41] | 2002 | Singapore | 125/— | 0/— | 15.2/— | 1 (0.8%) had RLS-like symptoms correlated with wearing off |
|
| Krishnan et al. [2] | 2003 | India | 126/128 | 7.9/0.8 | — | Older, higher rate of depression |
|
| Braga-Neto et al. [42] | 2004 | Brazil | 86/— | 49.9/— | — | Longer disease duration of PD |
|
| Calzetti et al. [61] | 2009 | Italy | 118/110 | 12.7/6.3 | — | Absence of a comorbid association between RLS and PD |
|
| Nomura et al. [3] | 2006 | Japan | 165/131 | 12.1/2.3 | — | Insomnia (PSQI), younger age |
|
| Gómez-Esteban et al. [43] | 2007 | Spain | 114/— | 21.9/— | | Sleep disturbance (PDSS) |
|
|
Loo and Tan [44] | 2008 | Singapore | 200/200 | 3.0/0.5 | — | Slightly younger age |
|
| Lee et al. [45] | 2009 | Korea | 447/— | 16.3/— | — | Longer disease duration and dopaminergic treatment, more severe disability, and cognitive decline |
|
| Peralta et al. [46] | 2009 | Austria | 113/— | 24.8/— | — | Younger, earlier onset of PD, lower levodopa-equivalent dosages, and wearing off |
|
| Verbaan et al. [47] | 2010 | Netherlands | 269/— | 11.0/— | — | No increased frequency of RLS in PD patients
RLS severity correlated with PD severity, motor fluctuations, depressive symptoms, daytime sleepiness, cognitive problems, autonomic symptoms, and psychotic symptoms. |
|
| Angelini et al.∗ [48] | 2011 | Italy | 109/116 | 5.5/4.3 | — | No increased frequency of RLS in drug-naïve PD patients |
|
| Gjerstad et al.∗ [11] | 2011 | Norway | 200/173 | 15.5/9.2 | 25/8.7 | Sleep disturbance (PDSS), depressive symptoms |
|
| Suzuki et al. [49] | 2012 | Japan | 93/93 | 5.5/2.2 | 32.3/14.0 | Higher UPDRS-3 score, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance (PDSS-2), and impaired QOL |
|
|
Shimohata and Nishizawa [50] | 2013 | Japan | 158/— | 11.4/— | 19.0/— | Sleep disturbance, daytime sleepiness |
|
| Rana et al. [51] | 2013 | Canada | 127/127 | 21.3/4.7 | — | Pain was reported at a higher rate |
|
| Bhalsing et al. [52] | 2013 | India | 134/172 | 11.9/2.9 | — | Sleep disturbance (PDSS) |
|
| Shin et al.∗ [53] | 2013 | Korea | 151/— | 16.6/— | — | Severe disease, tremor |
|
| Azmin et al. [54] | 2013 | Malaysia | 113/— | 9.7/— | — | Younger age of onset of PD, male gender, higher MMSE score, and less advanced HY stage |
|
|
Rajabally and Martey [55] | 2013 | UK | 37/37 | 16.2/10.8 | 40.5/16.2 | No correlation with neuropathy or symptomatic neuropathy, cumulative levodopa exposure, or serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with PD |
|
| Oh et al.∗ [56] | 2014 | South Korea | 225/— | 16.0/— | — | Supine/nocturnal hypertension |
|
| Fereshtehnejad et al. [57] |
2015 | Iran | 108/424 | 14.8/7.5 | — | A higher anxiety score, worse nutritional status, and poorer QOL |
|
