Parkinson’s Disease and Home Healthcare Use and Expenditures among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries

Table 2

Number and percent with home healthcare use and average home healthcare expenditures among users by Parkinson’s disease status among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. National Medicare 5% sample, 2006-2007.

All	Percent with home healthcare use					Average home healthcare expenditures among users
	PD		No PD		Sig.	PD		No PD		Sig.
	2,445	22.5	4,601	9.2		$6,792	$6,640	$4,965	$5,537
Predisposing characteristics
Gender
Female	1,348	24.9	3,148	10.5		$7,055	$198	$5,201	$108
Male	1,097	20.2	1,453	7.3		$6,469	$227	$4,453	$149
Race/ethnicity
White	2,202	22.0	3,933	8.8		$6,556	$144	$4,601	$86
AA	135	31.8	447	13.7		$8,965	$648	$6,639	$312
Others	108	24.9	221	10.6		$8,904	$1,268	$8,048	$726
Age group
65–74	679	17.3	1,417	5.5		$6,545	$288	$4,622	$164
75, +	1,766	25.5	3,184	13.2		$6,887	$173	$5,117	$103
Enabling characteristic
Public assistance
Yes	392	22.5	875	15.3		$8,368	$514	$6,785	$286
No	2,053	22.5	3,726	8.4		$6,491	$142	$4,537	$84
External environmental characteristics
Census regions
Northeastern	562	23.4	996	10.4		$5,832	$261	$3,800	$157
Midwest	529	18.6	1,010	7.8		$5,901	$219	$4,080	$128
South	1,031	26.2	1,999	10.3		$7,958	$278	$6,120	$162
West	323	19.0	596	7.4		$6,205	$308	$4,536	$182
Metro status
Metro	1,986	23.5	3,584	9.5		$6,890	$174	$4,997	$104
No metro	459	19.0	1017	8.3		$6,372	$270	$4,852	$150
Personal health choice
Substance use disorder
Yes	126	28.6	275	14.5		$6,385	$544	$5,190	$305
No	2,319	22.2	4,326	9.0		$6,814	$154	$4,950	$91
Inpatient visit
Yes	1,141	31.8	1,866	20.1		$7,971	$268	$5,699	$165
No	1,304	17.9	2,735	6.7		$5,761	$160	$4,464	$91
DME visit
Yes	1,499	32.0	2,377	16.3		$7,766	$236	$5,891	$147
No	946	15.3	2,224	6.3		$5,250	$143	$3,974	$78
Hospice visit
Yes	19	15.6	23	17.2		$6,542	$2,600	$6,286	$1,749
No	2,426	22.6	4,578	9.2		$6,794	$149	$4,958	$88
SNF visit
Yes	499	31.2	567	28.7		$8,133	$423	$6,314	$290
No	1,946	21.0	4,034	8.4		$6,449	$158	$4,775	$90
Outpatient visit quintile
0-0	313	18.3	809	6.4		$6,818	$392	$4,991	$207
1-1	303	20.6	668	7.7		$7,176	$501	$5,104	$280
2-3	514	22.3	972	8.8		$6,791	$325	$4,942	$191
4–6	545	24.4	860	10.2		$6,557	$257	$4,553	$160
7 and higher	770	24.5	1,292	14.0		$6,798	$275	$5,167	$168
Office visit quintile
0–5	72	14.3	387	4.3		$4,786	$478	$4,134	$189
6–10	206	15.4	630	5.5		$5,457	$343	$4,496	$170
11–16	372	17.9	816	7.7		$6,037	$308	$4,637	$172
17–25	570	21.7	1,048	11.1		$6,089	$246	$4,758	$146
26 and higher	1,225	28.4	1,720	17.7		$7,691	$275	$5,604	$177
Need factors
Number of comorbidities
<=16	623	15.4	1,552	5.3		$5,649	$195	$4,207	$104
>16	1,822	26.8	3,049	14.8		$7,183	$1,942	$5,350	$118

Note: based on 2,445 and 4,601 elderly (age 65 or older) Medicare beneficiaries with and without Parkinson’s disease who were continuously enrolled in Medicare Part A and Part B during 2006 and 2007 and were not enrolled in Health Maintenance Organizations during 2006 and 2007; individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as those without full year enrollments due to death or some other reason were excluded from the final sample. Average home healthcare expenditures were estimated among users of home healthcare.
S.E.: Standard Errors; PD: Parkinson’s disease; AA: African Americans; DME: durable medical equipment; SNF: skilled nursing facility.
< .001; .001 ≤ < .01; .01 ≤ < .05.