Parkinson’s Disease and Home Healthcare Use and Expenditures among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries

Table 3

Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals from logistic regression on home healthcare use and parameter estimates from OLS regression on log-transformed home healthcare expenditures among users. National Medicare 5% sample, 2006-2007.

	AOR	95% CI	Sig.	Beta	S.E.	Sig.
Intercept	—	—	—	7.627	0.073
Parkinson's disease
Yes	2.12	1.99, 2.25		0.333	0.024
No
Predisposing characteristics
Gender
Female	1.30	1.23, 1.37		0.123	0.024
Male
Race/ethnicity
White
AA	1.52	1.37, 1.68		0.279	0.043
Others	1.13	0.98, 1.29		0.170	0.057
Age group
75, +	2.11	1.99, 2.23		−0.127	0.025
65–74
Enabling characteristics
Public assistance
Yes	1.17	1.08, 1.26		0.128	0.032
No
External environmental characteristics
Census region
Northeastern	1.29	1.18, 1.41		−0.098	0.040
Midwest	1.03	0.94, 1.13		−0.156	0.040
South	1.40	1.29, 1.52		0.196	0.036
West
Metro status
Metro	1.14	1.06, 1.21		0.075	0.029
No metro
Personal health choice
Substance use
Yes	1.11	0.98, 1.25		−0.004	0.050
No
Outpatient visit quintile
0-0	1.06	0.96, 1.16		0.120	0.040
1-1	1.08	0.99, 1.19		0.111	0.040
2-3	1.08	0.99, 1.17		0.057	0.034
4–6	1.08	1.00, 1.17		−0.001	0.034
7 or higher
Office visit quintile
0–5	0.87	0.76, 1.00		−0.071	0.062
6–10	0.87	0.78, 0.97		−0.021	0.048
11–16	0.96	0.87, 1.05		−0.009	0.040
17–25	1.05	0.97, 1.14		−0.037	0.033
26 or higher
SNF visits	0.88	0.85, 0.91		0.052	0.012
Inpatient visits	1.22	1.18, 1.26		0.033	0.013
Hospice visits	0.97	0.93, 1.01		0.001	0.016
DME visits	1.05	1.05, 1.06		0.016	0.002
Need factors
Number of comorbidities	1.04	1.03, 1.04		0.006	0.002

Note: logistic regression conducted on 10,865 and 50,009 elderly (age 65 or older) Medicare beneficiaries with and without Parkinson’s disease who were continuously enrolled in Medicare Part A and Part B during 2006 and 2007 and were not enrolled in Health Maintenance Organizations during 2006 and 2007; they had a positive direct total healthcare expenditure; individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as those without full year enrollments due to death or some other reason were excluded from the final sample.
Ordinary Least Squares regression conducted on 2,445 and 4,601 elderly (age 65 or older) Medicare beneficiaries with and without Parkinson’s disease who were continuously enrolled in Medicare Part A and Part B during 2006 and 2007 and were not enrolled in Health Maintenance Organizations during 2006 and 2007; they were home healthcare users; individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as those without full year enrollments due to death or some other reason were excluded from the final sample.
OLS: Ordinary Least Squares; S.E.: Standard Errors; PD: Parkinson’s disease; AA: African Americans; SUD: substance use disorder; DME: durable medical equipment; SNF: skilled nursing facility.
< .001; .001 ≤ < .01; .01 ≤ < .05.