Relationships among Depression, Anxiety, Sleep, and Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Taiwan

Table 3

Differences in the participants’ characteristics according to the severity of depression and anxiety .

		Depression severity				p	Anxiety severity				p
		Normal (1)	Mild (2)	Moderate (3)	Severe (4)		Normal (1)	Mild (2)	Moderate (3)	Severe (4)
Sex	n (%)	85 (63.40)	26 (19.40)	12 (9.00)	11 (8.20)		42 (31.30)	57 (42.50)	24 (17.90)	11 (8.20)
Male	85 (63.4%)	63 (47.01)	12 (8.96)	4 (2.99)	6 (4.48)		31 (23.13)	41 (30.60)	9 (6.72)	4 (2.99)
Female	49 (36.6%)	22 (16.42)	14 (10.44)	8 (5.79)	5 (3.73)		11 (8.21)	16 (11.94)	15 (11.19)	7 (5.22)
Onset age	M ± SD
Current age					65.82±9.03
Disease duration
Post hoc		(2) > ; (3) > (1)					(3) > (1)
MMSE
UPDRS
Post hoc		(2) >					(4) > (1); (3) > (1); (2) > (1)
UPDRS part I
Post hoc		(2) > (1); (4) > (1)					(2) > (1); (3) > (1)
UPDRS part II
Post hoc		(2) > (1); (4) > (1)					; ;
UPDRS part III
UPDRS part VI
Post hoc		;					; ; (4) > (1)
H&Y stage
Post hoc
PDSS-2
PDQ-39
Post hoc		(4) > (3); (4) > (2);					(4) > (1); (4) > (2); (3) > (1); (3) > (2);
LEDD (mg)
Post hoc		;					;

M: mean; SD: standard deviation; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; H&Y: Hoehn and Yahr scale; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; PDSS-2: Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2; PDQ-39: 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; LEDD: levodopa equivalent daily dosage. Chi-squared test with Fisher’s exact test; Bonferroni post hoc test; , , .