Whole-Brain Atrophy Rate in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Table 1

Baseline demographics, clinical features, and a-WBAR.

	Controls	IPD	PSP	MSA	Group comparisons	Significant pairwise comparison
Age (years); Mean ± SD	64.6 ± 9.9	62.2 ± 11.5	69.9 ± 5.6	60.4 ± 10.9	df = 3
Gender (M : F)	3 : 7	8 : 12	6 : 6	6 : 2	df = 3
Disease duration (years); Mean ± SD	N/A	3.1 ± 3.3	2.2 ± 1.5	3.8 ± 3.6	df = 2
a-WBAR; (Mean ± SD plus 95% confident interval)	0.37% ± 0.28; (0.17–0.57)	0.54% ± 0.38; (0.32–0.68)	1.26% ± 0.51; (0.95–1.58).	1.65% ± 1.12; (0.71–2.59).	df = 3	IPD versus MSA < 0.001; IPD versus PSP = 0.004
UPDRS III; (median score plus range)		23.2 ± 12; (3–46)	37 ± 14.5; (20–62)	45.3 ± 13; (29–67)	df = 2	IPD versus MSA = 0.001; IPD versus PSP = 0.014
CGI-S; (median score plus range)		3.4 ± 0.6; (3–5)	4.4 ± 0.5; (4-5)	4.64 ± 0.5; (4-5)	df = 2	IPD versus MSA < 0.001; IPD versus PSP < 0.001
H&Y; (median score plus range)		1.9 ± 0.6; (1.0–3.0)	2.6 ± 0.7; (2.0–4.0)	3.0 ± 0.8; (2.0–4.0)	df = 2	IPD versus MSA = 0.002; IPD versus PSP = 0.011
FAB		14.6 ± 3.5; (5–18)	10.0 ± 5.3; (3–16)	12.0 ± 4.2; (4–16)	df = 2	IPD versus PSP = 0.08
MMSE		26.9 ± 3.7; (14–30)	20.9 ± 10; (3–30)	26.6 ± 2.5; (22–30)	df = 2

ANOVA test. Chi square test. Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc procedure with Mann-Whitney test . UPDRS III: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III; H&Y: Hoehn and Yahr Scale; CGI-S: Clinical Global Impression for Disease Severity; FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery; a-WBAR: annual whole-brain atrophy rates. MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.