Whole-Brain Atrophy Rate in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Table 1
Baseline demographics, clinical features, and a-WBAR.
Controls
IPD
PSP
MSA
Group comparisons
Significant pairwise comparison
Age (years) Mean ± SD
64.6 ± 9.9
62.2 ± 11.5
69.9 ± 5.6
60.4 ± 10.9
df = 3
Gender (M : F)
3 : 7
8 : 12
6 : 6
6 : 2
df = 3
Disease duration (years) Mean ± SD
N/A
3.1 ± 3.3
2.2 ± 1.5
3.8 ± 3.6
df = 2
a-WBAR (Mean ± SD plus 95% confident interval)
0.37% ± 0.28 (0.17–0.57)
0.54% ± 0.38 (0.32–0.68)
1.26% ± 0.51 (0.95–1.58).
1.65% ± 1.12 (0.71–2.59).
df = 3
IPD versus MSA < 0.001 IPD versus PSP = 0.004
UPDRS III (median score plus range)
23.2 ± 12 (3–46)
37 ± 14.5 (20–62)
45.3 ± 13 (29–67)
df = 2
IPD versus MSA = 0.001 IPD versus PSP = 0.014
CGI-S (median score plus range)
3.4 ± 0.6 (3–5)
4.4 ± 0.5 (4-5)
4.64 ± 0.5 (4-5)
df = 2
IPD versus MSA < 0.001 IPD versus PSP < 0.001
H&Y (median score plus range)
1.9 ± 0.6 (1.0–3.0)
2.6 ± 0.7 (2.0–4.0)
3.0 ± 0.8 (2.0–4.0)
df = 2
IPD versus MSA = 0.002 IPD versus PSP = 0.011
FAB
14.6 ± 3.5 (5–18)
10.0 ± 5.3 (3–16)
12.0 ± 4.2 (4–16)
df = 2
IPD versus PSP = 0.08
MMSE
26.9 ± 3.7 (14–30)
20.9 ± 10 (3–30)
26.6 ± 2.5 (22–30)
df = 2
ANOVA test. Chi square test. Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc procedure with Mann-Whitney test . UPDRS III: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III; H&Y: Hoehn and Yahr Scale; CGI-S: Clinical Global Impression for Disease Severity; FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery; a-WBAR: annual whole-brain atrophy rates. MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.