Pulmonary Medicine

Research Article

Automated Analysis of Crackles in Patients with Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

Table 3

Crackle rate and individual crackle features in IPF, CHF, and PN. The results are presented as means ยฑ SD. Studentโ€™s ๐‘ก -test was used to compare the variables between the groups. Values of ๐‘ƒ that are less than.05 are shown in bold.
Crackle FeaturesIPF ( ๐‘› = 3 9 )CHF ( ๐‘› = 9 5 )PN ( ๐‘› = 1 2 3 )IPF versus CHFIPF versus PN
InspirationCrackle rate (crackles per breath) 1 8 ยฑ 1 4 7 ยฑ 5 7 ยฑ 4 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 1
Crackle pitch (Hz) 4 1 6 ยฑ 8 8 3 0 2 ยฑ 6 4 2 8 4 ยฑ 6 0 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
๐‘‡ 1 (s) 1 . 2 ยฑ 0 . 2 1 . 4 ยฑ 0 . 2 1 . 5 ยฑ 0 . 3 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Number of zero line crossings (ZXS) 9 ยฑ 2 6 ยฑ 1 6 ยฑ 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
๐‘‡ 2 / ๐‘‡ 1 1 . 2 ยฑ 0 . 1 1 . 5 ยฑ 0 . 3 1 . 5 ยฑ 0 . 2 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 1
Half-period duration variability (%) 3 8 ยฑ 8 3 7 ยฑ 9 3 7 ยฑ 7 ๐‘ƒ = . 5 7 ๐‘ƒ = . 5 7
Crackle timing (Timing) 2 . 1 ยฑ 0 . 3 2 . 1 ยฑ 0 . 3 2 . 0 ยฑ 0 . 4 ๐‘ƒ = . 9 8 ๐‘ƒ = . 2 9
Crackle transmission coefficient (CTC) 1 6 ยฑ 5 2 3 ยฑ 6 2 3 ยฑ 7 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Amplitude 9 ยฑ 9 6 ยฑ 5 7 ยฑ 7 ๐‘ƒ = . 0 6 ๐‘ƒ = . 3 4
๐ด 2 / ๐ด 1 1 ยฑ 0 . 1 1 ยฑ 0 . 1 1 ยฑ 0 . 1 ๐‘ƒ = . 2 4 ๐‘ƒ = . 0 2
๐ด 3 / ๐ด 1 0 . 5 ยฑ 0 . 1 0 . 4 ยฑ 0 . 1 0 . 4 ยฑ 0 . 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Half-period amplitude variability (%) 6 8 ยฑ 1 1 5 3 ยฑ 1 2 4 8 ยฑ 1 2 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Crackles with positive polarity (%) 7 4 ยฑ 1 3 6 7 ยฑ 2 0 7 0 ยฑ 1 9 ๐‘ƒ = . ๐ŸŽ ๐Ÿ ๐‘ƒ = . 1 8
ExpirationCrackle rate (crackles per breath) 9 ยฑ 7 5 ยฑ 3 5 ยฑ 5 ๐‘ƒ = . ๐ŸŽ ๐Ÿ ๐‘ƒ = . 0 7
Crackle pitch (Hz) 4 1 1 ยฑ 7 1 2 8 9 ยฑ 6 5 2 6 4 ยฑ 7 7 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 1
๐‘‡ 1 (s) 1 . 2 ยฑ 0 . 3 1 . 6 ยฑ 0 . 3 1 . 8 ยฑ 0 . 3 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 1
Number of zero line crossings (ZXS) 1 0 ยฑ 2 7 ยฑ 1 7 ยฑ 2 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 1
๐‘‡ 2 / ๐‘‡ 1 1 . 3 ยฑ 0 . 1 1 . 4 ยฑ 0 . 2 1 . 4 ยฑ 0 . 3 ๐‘ƒ = . ๐ŸŽ ๐ŸŽ ๐Ÿ ๐‘ƒ = . ๐ŸŽ ๐ŸŽ ๐Ÿ
Half-period duration variability (%) 4 3 ยฑ 1 4 3 9 ยฑ 8 3 7 ยฑ 9 ๐‘ƒ = . 1 7 ๐‘ƒ = . 0 5
Crackle timing (Timing) 5 . 2 ยฑ 0 . 3 5 . 1 ยฑ 0 . 4 5 . 0 ยฑ 0 . 3 ๐‘ƒ = . 2 5 ๐‘ƒ = . 1 3
Crackle transmission coefficient (CTC) 1 8 ยฑ 7 2 5 ยฑ 9 2 7 ยฑ 9 ๐‘ƒ < . ๐ŸŽ ๐ŸŽ ๐Ÿ ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 1
Amplitude 5 ยฑ 7 5 ยฑ 4 6 ยฑ 5 ๐‘ƒ = . 7 2 ๐‘ƒ = . 4 4
๐ด 2 / ๐ด 1 1 . 0 ยฑ 0 . 1 1 . 1 ยฑ 0 . 1 1 . 1 ยฑ 0 . 1 ๐‘ƒ = . 1 1 ๐‘ƒ = . ๐ŸŽ ๐Ÿ
๐ด 3 / ๐ด 1 0 . 5 ยฑ 0 . 1 0 . 4 ยฑ 0 . 1 0 . 4 ยฑ 0 . 2 ๐‘ƒ = . ๐ŸŽ ๐ŸŽ ๐Ÿ” ๐‘ƒ = . ๐ŸŽ ๐ŸŽ ๐Ÿ
Half-period amplitude variability (%) 7 0 ยฑ 1 4 4 9 ยฑ 1 4 4 6 ยฑ 1 3 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 1 ๐‘ƒ < . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Crackles with positive polarity (%) 3 4 ยฑ 1 7 4 4 ยฑ 2 5 3 3 ยฑ 2 4 ๐‘ƒ = . 1 0 ๐‘ƒ = . 8 0