Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Diagnostic Dilemma

Table 1

Respiratory complications of rheumatoid arthritis.

Lung structure	Disease manifestations
Lung parenchyma	Interstitial lung disease (ILD)
	Usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP)
	Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP)
	Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP)
	Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP)
	Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP)
	Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)
	Drug-induced pneumonitis
	Rheumatoid nodules (necrobiotic nodules)
	Caplan's syndrome (silicosis associated with RA)
	Infectious complications
Airways	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
	Bullous emphysema
	Bronchiectasis
	Obliterative bronchiolitis (Constrictive bronchiolitis)
Pleura	Pleuritis
	Pleural effusion
	Spontaneous pneumothorax
Vascular	Pulmonary hypertension
	Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
Extrapulmonary	Diaphragm weakness
	Cricoarytenoid arthritis with extrathoracic obstruction